Exam 3 Notes

Question 1

The Crusades were wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of

Answer 1

Jerusalem from the Muslims

Question 2

How did English common law differ from the general legal practices in Europe?

Answer 2

Common law relied heavily on precedent, diminishing the importance of written law codes

Question 3

How was justice administered in the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 3

in multiple levels, depending on the crime committed

Question 4

What role did the sheriffs play in English goverence?

Answer 4

sheriffs collected taxes, apprehended and tried criminals, and raised troops

Question 5

By 1350, how large was Roman Catholic Europe compared to its size in 950?

Answer 5

double the size

Question 6

Which asset of the Crusader army that traveled to the Holy Land in 1096 was most notable?

Answer 6

the religious zeal of its members

Question 7

What statement best characterizes the impact of the Crusades on Jewish-Christian relations?

Answer 7

the Crusaders were catastrophic for Jewish-Christian relations

Question 8

Which debate was the central issue in the conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket?

Answer 8

whether church officials were subject to royal courts

Question 9

Which principle did the Magna Carta come to signify?

Answer 9

even the king and his government are subject to the law

Question 10

Philip II of France was given the title Augustus because of his success in

Answer 10

vastly extending the territory of his realm

Question 11

Which archbishop of Canterbury died because of the conflict over the judicial reforms of King Henry II and church law?

Answer 11

Becke

Question 12

Why did Otto I select the city of Aachen for his coronation as emperor?

Answer 12

to signify his goal of continuing Charlemagne’s legacy and to demonstrate the papacy’s support for his rule

Question 13

How did middle-class city dwellers in Europe benefit from the Crusades?

Answer 13

they lent money to nobles to participate in the Crusades, and then seized the nobles’ lands if they could not repay the loans or failed to return

Question 14

The Lateral Council of 1059 decreed that the authority to elect the pope rested with

Answer 14

the college of cardinals

Question 15

The permanent legacy of the Crusades includes the deep bitterness between Christians and Muslims and

Answer 15

continued and flourishing commercial contact between Europeans and Muslims

Question 16

How did officials seek to ensure that witnesses gave truthful testimony?

Answer 16

they made witnesses hand over cash or goods as a surety that their testimony was honest

Question 17

The conflict between pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman emperor Henry IV concerned whether

Answer 17

church officials were appointed by the crown or by the pope

Question 18

Which fundamental principle formed the basis of French administration?

Answer 18

Officials’ authority should come from their connection to the monarchy, not from personal wealth or local relationships

Question 19

After the Albigensian crusade, how did the papacy continue to root out heresy?

Answer 19

it established inquisitions to seek out suspected heretics

Question 20

The first sign of medieval monastic reform came in 909, when William the Pious, duke of Aquitaine, established

Answer 20

the Burgundian monastery of Cluny

Question 21

Why were Jews persecuted during and after the Crusades?

Answer 21

many lent money to Crusaders

Question 22

The record of William the Conqueror’s survey of England is known as

Answer 22

the Domesday Book

Question 23

In the early Middle Ages, noble status was generally

Answer 23

limited to a very few families

Question 24

Which definition best describes the curia?

Answer 24

the papal bureaucracy and court of law

Question 25

Which statement was true of the clergy prior to 1000?

Answer 25

they were many married priests

Question 26

Why did Frederick II establish the University of Naples?

Answer 26

to train administrators to serve in his bureaucracy

Question 27

Who ordered the creation of the Domesday Book?

Answer 27

William the Conqueror

Question 28

How did the realms of England and France differ by the early 12th century

Answer 28

the king in England ruled over a unified realm, but the kingdom of France consisted of virtually independent provinces

Question 29

How did the Battle of Legnano mark a military milestone?

Answer 29

an army of mounted knights was handily beaten by an army composed primarily of infantry

Question 30

With the defeat of the Muslims in central regions of the Iberian Peninsula, how was the society of the region transformed?

Answer 30

muslims were expelled, and immigrants from across Christian Europe were recruited to come to the region

Question 31

Which monastic military order was founded in Jerusalem in 1119?

Answer 31

Knights Templars

Question 32

What case would be heard by a court dealing with canon law?

Answer 32

annulment of a marriage