Exam 3 Non-Quizzies Flashcards
what is the relationship between degrees of lateral curve deviation, axial rotation, and care?
- curves with 10-20 degrees of lateral deviation and a fixed angle of trunk rotation have scoliosis
- curves with 20-30 degrees of lateral deviation and a fixed angle of trunk rotation of 5 degrees require attention
- curves with 30-50 degrees of lateral deviation and a fixed angle of trunk rotation of 7 degrees require intervention as they have a 60% chance to worsen
- curves with greater than 50 degrees of lateral deviation have a 90% chance to worsen
what is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?
the Risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis
what is the genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
an autosomal dominant factor that runs in families
what is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?
the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen
what is the name given to segments that lie in the transition zones of the vertebral column?
transition vertebrae
how are specific segments within a transition zone identified?
by adjacent region of the segment, process of transition, and specific segment (occipitalization of C1)
what does the suffix “ization” refer to?
in the process of becoming like
what joint classification is present between the C2 odontoid process and centrum?
amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
what is os odontoideum?
a persistence beyond age 7 of the joint formed between the centrum and odontoid process centers of ossification
what is the classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification?
amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
based on the age of appearance, how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified?
secondary center of ossification
if the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?
terminal ossicle
what genetic patterns are suggested in dorsalization of C7?
chromosome karyotypes are abnormal, family inheritance patterns are common, it is associated with dominant inheritance pattern
do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7?
no, they are typically asymptomatic
what is the usual way of identifying the number of cervicals, thoracics and lumbar vertebrae during imaging studies?
identify the vertebrae with ribs- they will be thoracics; those higher are cervicals, those lower are lumbars
what is characteristic of lumbarization of S1?
the failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala
what is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2?
the segments do not completely fuse together
what articular facet changes accompany lumbarization of S1?
none
what articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5?
none
what is characteristic of coccygealization of S5?
the separation of S5 from sacrum and its’ premature fusion to Co1
what muscles are associated with the five layers of the true back?
1- trapezius and latissimus dorsi
2- rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae
3- serratus posterior superior and inferior
4- erector spinae
5- transversospinalis
which of the muscles attaching to the scapula represent layer 1 of the true back?
trapezius
which of the muscles attaching to the scapula represent layer 2 of the true back?
levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
which of the muscles attaching to the humerus represent layer 1 of the true back?
latissimus dorsi
which muscles attaching to the lateral mass of C1 represent layer 2 of the true back?
levator scapulae
which of the muscles in layer 1 of the true back acts to extend and laterally flex the head and neck and bilaterally acts to extend the head and neck?
trapezius
which of the muscles in layer 2 of the true back acts to laterally flex and rotate the neck and bilaterally acts to extend the neck?
levator scapulae
which of the muscles in layer 1 of the true back acts solely on the humerus?
latissimus dorsi
which of the muscles in layer 2 of the trie back acts solely on the scapula?
rhomboid major and minor
which of the muscles of the true back is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?
trapezius
which of the muscles of the true back is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve?
latissimus dorsi
splenius capitis will attach to what locations on the skull?
mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of occipital bone
contraction of splenius capitis will result in what movements?
lateral flexion of head, rotation of face to the side; bilaterally extend the head
contraction of the splenius cervicis will result in what movements?
lateral flexion and rotation of neck; bilaterally extend the neck
what muscles are classically identified as iliocostalis muscles?
iliocostalis lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
contraction of iliocostalis lumborum will result in what movements?
extension, lateral flexion and rotation of lumbar spine; lateral pelvic movement
what muscles are identified as subdivisions within the iliocostalis muscles?
iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum and iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis
what osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborm pars lumborum?
spinous process of L1-L5
what is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?
iliac crest of the innominate bone
what osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis?
posterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest of the innominate bone
what is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis?
costal angles of the lower 8-9 ribs (rib 3-rib 12)
what is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis?
costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs (rib 5 or 6- rib 12)
what is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?
costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7
contraction of iliocostalis thoracis will result in what movements?
extension, lateral flexion of thoracic spine
what is the origin for the iliocostalis cervicis?
costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs (ribs 1-3 or ribs 1-6)
what is the insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis?
posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6
contraction of iliocostalis cervicis will result in what movements?
extension, lateral flexion and rotation of lower cervical spine
what muscles are classically identified as longissimus muscles?
longissimus thoracis, cervicis, capitis
what non-vertebral column site serves as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?
posterior superior iliac spine of the innominate bone
what is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis?
transverse tubercle of all thoracic segments
between tubercle and costal angle of the lower 9-10 ribs (rib 2or 3- rib 12)
contraction of longissimus thoracis will result in what movements of the vertebral column?
lateral flexion of the thoracic spine (lumbar spine inadvertently)
bilaterally acts to extend thoracic and lumbar spine, holds thoracic and lumbar spine erect,
increases lumbar lordotic curve
lateral pelvic movement
what muscles are identified as subdivisions within the longissimus thoracis muscles?
longissimus thoracis pars lumborum and longissimus thoracis pars thoracis
contraction of longissimus pars lumborum will result in what movements?
lateral flexion of lumbar spine
bilaterally extend lumbar spine and increase lumbar lordotic curve
what osseous parts of the vertebral column site serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis par thoracis?
spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3
what non-vertebral column site serves as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?
posterior superior iliac spine of innominate bone
what is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?
transverse process of all thoracics,
between tubercle and costal angle of all ribs (rib 1-rib12)
contraction of longissimus thoracis pars thoracis will result in what movements?
lateral flexion of thoracic spine (lumbar spine inadvertently)
bilaterally extend thoracic spine (lumbar spine inadvertently)
what osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus cervicis?
transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6
what osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus cervicis?
posterior tubercle of transverse processes from C2-C6 or C7, articular processes from C2-C6 or C7
contraction of longissimus cervicis will result in what movements?
lateral flexion of the neck, bilaterally act to extend neck
what osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus capitis?
transverse tubercle of T1-T5 and articular processes of C4-C7
what is the insertion for the longissimus capitis?
mastoid process of temporal bone
contraction of longissimus capitis will result in what movements?
lateral flexion and rotation of the head, bilaterally act to extend head
what muscles are classically identified as spinalis muscles?
spinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
what osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?
spinous process of T11 and T12- L1 and L2
what is the insertion for the spinalis thoracis?
spinous process of T1-T4 or as low as T8
contraction of spinalis thoracis will result in what movements of the vertebral column?
extension of the thoracic spine
