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A&P Lab > Exam 3: Muscular System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: angle and ramus of the mandible

Action: raises of the mandible

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of the clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone

Action: flexes the cervical vertebral column

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3
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: occipital bone and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

Action: rotates, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula

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4
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

Insertion: vertebral border of the scapula

Action: elevates the scapula

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5
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin: medial half of the clavicle and the sternum

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

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7
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: abducts the arm

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8
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: abducts the arm

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9
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: rotates the arm laterally

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10
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: rotates the arm medially

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11
Q

Biceps brachii (long head and short head)

A

Origin: coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity of the radius

Action: flexes the forearm and arm; supination of forearm

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12
Q

Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads)

A

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and posterior surface of the humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of the ulna

Action: extends the forearm

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13
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: flexes the hand

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14
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: flexes the hand

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15
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: extends the hand

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16
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Insertion: 2nd metacarpal

Action: extends the hand

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17
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin: gluteal line of the ilium

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action: extends and laterally rotates the thigh

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18
Q

Iliacus

A

Part of iliopsoas

Origin: iliac crest of the ilium

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flexes the thigh

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19
Q

Psoas major

A

Part of the iliopsoas

Origin: transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flexes the thigh

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20
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis and ischium

Insertion: linea aspera of the femur

Action: adducts the thigh

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21
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: pubic symphysis

Insertion: medial surface of the tibia

Action: adducts the thigh

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22
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial surface of the tibia

Action: flexes the thigh and leg

23
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Part of the quadriceps femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: tibial tuberosity of the tibia

Action: flexes the thigh and extends the leg

24
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Part of the quadriceps femoris

Origin: greater trochanter of the femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity of the tibia

Action: extends the leg

25
Q

Biceps femoris (long and short head)

A

Part of the hamstring

Origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of the femur

Insertion: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

Action: flexes the leg and extends the thigh

26
Q

Semimembranosis

A

Part of the hamstring

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal end of the tibia

Action: flexes the leg and extends the thigh

27
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia

Insertion: 1st metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes and extends the foot

28
Q

Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

A

Origin: medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Insertion: calcaneus bone

Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot

29
Q

Iliotibial tract

A

From iliac crest to tibia

Insertion for gluteus maximus

30
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Extends from the occipital protuberance to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae

Trapezius and splenius capitis attach to the nuchal ligament

31
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

32
Q

Origin and insertion

A

First part of name indicates origin

Second part of name indicates insertion

33
Q

Origin

A

“Fixed end”

End of muscle that doesn’t move during contraction

Proximal to insertion

34
Q

Insertion

A

“Moving end”

End of the muscle that DOES move during contraction

Movement toward the origin

35
Q

Muscle cells (fibers)

A

Organized in bundles (fascicles)

Four patterns of fascicles:

  • parallel
  • convergent
  • pennate
  • circular
36
Q

Parallel muscles

A

Fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle

Ex: biceps brachii

37
Q

Convergent muscles

A

Broad area converges on attachment site (tendon, aponeurosis)

Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation

Ex: pectoralis muscles

38
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Unipennate:
- fibers on 1 side of tendon
Ex: extensor digitorum

Bipennate:
- fibers on both sides of tendons
Ex: Rectus femoris

Multipennate:
- tendon branches w/i muscle
Ex: deltoid

39
Q

Circular muscles

A

Also called sphincter

Close and guard entrances of body

Ex: orbicularis oris, papillary constrictor muscles (eyes)

40
Q

Circular muscles and their antagonists

A

Orbicularis oris: closes mouth

Levator labii superioris and zygomaticus: open mouth

41
Q

Externus (superficialis)

A

Visible at body surface

42
Q

Internus (profundus)

A

Deep muscles

43
Q

Extrinsic

A

Muscles outside of an organ

44
Q

Intrinsic

A

Muscles inside of an organ

45
Q

Longus

A

Long

46
Q

Longissimus

A

Longest

47
Q

Teres

A

Long and round

48
Q

Brevis

A

Short

49
Q

Magnus

A

Large

50
Q

Major

A

Larger

51
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

52
Q

Minor

A

Small

53
Q

Minimus

A

Smallest

54
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: temporal bone

Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible

Action: raises the mandible

A&P Lab (6 decks)

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