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Anatomy > Exam 3: Muscles > Flashcards

Exam 3: Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin: Lumbar transverse processes; rib 12

Insertion: Iliac Crest

Nerve: Lumbar Plexus (T12-L4)

Action: Extends, laterally flexes vertebral column

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2
Q

Psoas Major

A

Origin: Vertebral bodies, IV discs and transverse
processes of T12; L1-5

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Nerve: Lumbar Plexus (L1, L2, L3)

Action: Flexes thigh; stabilizes trunk

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3
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin: Iliac fossa and crest

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Flexes hip; stabilizes trunk

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4
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous
ligament

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve: Nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in
acetabulum

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5
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Origin: Deep surface of obturator membrane and
surrounding bone

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in
acetabulum

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6
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Origin: External surface of obturator membrane and
surrounding bone

Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur

Nerve: Obturator nerve

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in
acetabulum

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7
Q

Superior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial spine

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in
acetabulum

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8
Q

Inferior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in
acetabulum

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9
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest of femur

Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; stabilizes femoral head in
acetabulum

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10
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of ilium (posterior gluteal line);
posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx;
sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (which attaches to lateral condyle
of tibia); gluteal tuberosity of femur

Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve

Action: Extends, laterally rotates thigh

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11
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and
posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; keeps pelvis
level during walking (prevents contralateral
pelvic drop)

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12
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and
inferior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; keeps pelvis
level during walking (prevents contralateral
pelvic drop)

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13
Q

Tensor facsiae latae

A

Origin: ASIS; Iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (which attaches to lateral condyle
of tibia)

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

Action: Flexes and medially rotates thigh; tenses the
fascia latae of the thigh

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14
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon (directly) & tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament (indirectly)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Flexes thigh; extends knee

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15
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: Greater trochanter of femur; lateral lip of linea
aspera

Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon (directly) & tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament (indirectly)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Extends knee/leg

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16
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line; medial lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon (directly) & tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament (indirectly)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Extends knee/leg

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17
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior & lateral surfaces of femoral diaphysis
(shaft)

Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon (directly) & tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament (indirectly)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Extends knee/leg

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18
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes
leg

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19
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Superior pubic ramus

Insertion: Pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser
trochanter)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial
rotation of thigh

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20
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia

Nerve: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts thigh and flexes knee

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21
Q

Adductor longus

A

Origin: Body of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera - middle 1/3

Nerve: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts thigh

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22
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera - superior 1/3

Nerve: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts thigh

23
Q

Adductor magnus - adductor part

A

Origin: Ischiopubic ramus

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and proximal linea aspera

Nerve: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh

24
Q

Adductor magnus - hamstring part

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Adductor tubercle of femur

Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Action: Adducts and extends thigh

25
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia

Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Action: Extends hip and flexes knee

26
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Action: Extends hip and flexes knee

27
Q

Biceps femoris - long head

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Head of fibula

Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Action: Extends hip and flexes knee

28
Q

Biceps femoris - short head

A

Origin: Linea aspera

Insertion: Head of fibula

Nerve: Common fibular division of sciatic nerve

Action: Flexes knee

29
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity - posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Flexes knee; plantar flexes foot

30
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: Soleal line of tibia; posterior aspect of fibular
head

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity - posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Powerful plantar flexor of the foot

31
Q

Plantaris

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity - posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Weak plantar flexor of the foot

32
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur; lateral meniscus

Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal tibia; superior to
soleal line

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: “Unlocks” knee(laterally rotates femur on fixed
tibia)

33
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Medial side of posterior surface of tibia

Insertion: Plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of
lateral 4 digits

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Flexes MTP, PIP, & DIP of lateral 4 toes; Plantar
flexion of foot

34
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of fibula and interosseous
membrane

Insertion: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Flexes MTP & IP of hallux; Plantar flexion of foot

35
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Origin: Posterior surface of interosseous membrane,
tibia and fibula

Insertion: Primarily navicular; also cuneiforms, cuboid
and 2nd-4th metatarsals

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Plantar flexion and inversion of foot

36
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin: Lateral condyle,lateral surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane

Insertion: Medial cuneiform;base of 1st metatarsal

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve (also known as deep
peroneal nerve)

Action: Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

37
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane; Lateral condyle of tibia

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve (also known as deep
peroneal nerve)

Action: Extends lateral 4 digits; Dorsiflexes ankle

38
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus

Insertion: Extensor expansions of digits 2-4

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve (also known as deep
peroneal nerve)

Action: Assists extensor digitorum longus in extending
digits 2-4

39
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula and interosseous
membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx and hallux

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve (also known as deep
peroneal nerve)

Action: Extends hallux; Dorsiflexes ankle

40
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve (also known as deep
peroneal nerve)

Action: Assists extensor hallucis longus in extending hallux

41
Q

Fibularis tertius (Peroneus tertius)

A

Origin: Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve (also known as deep
peroneal nerve)

Action: Dorsiflexes ankle, assists in eversion of foot

42
Q

Fibularis longus (Peroneus longus)

A

Origin: Head and superior 2/3 of lateral side of fibula

Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Nerve: Superficial fibular nerve (also known as
superficial peroneal nerve)

Action: Everts foot; Weakly plantar flexes ankle

43
Q

Fibularis brevis (Peroneus brevis)

A

Origin: Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion: Tuberosity at base of metatarsal 5

Nerve: Superficial fibular nerve (also known as
superficial peroneal nerve)

Action: Everts foot; Weakly plantar flexes ankle

44
Q

Abductor hallucis (1st layer)

A

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Nerve: Medial plantar nerve

Action: Abducts and flexes hallux

45
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis (1st layer)

A

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Nerve: Medial plantar nerve

Action: Flexes lateral 4 toes at proximal IP joints

46
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis (3rd layer)

A

Origin: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform

Insertion: Sides of proximal phalanx of hallux

Nerve: Medial plantar nerve

Action: Flexes MTP joint of hallux

47
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (1st layer)

A

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Abducts / flexes digit 5

48
Q

Quadratus plantae (2nd layer)

A

Origin: Plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion: Lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum
longus

Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing digits 2-
5

49
Q

Adductor hallucis (3rd layer)

A

Origin: Transverse Head - lateral 3 MTP joints
Oblique Head - bases of metatarsals 2-4

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Adducts hallux

50
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (3rd layer)

A

Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 5

Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Flexes MTP joint of digit 5

51
Q

3 Plantar Interossei (4th layer)

A

Origin: Medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

Insertion: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges
of digits 3-5

Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Adduct digits 3-5 (PAD)

52
Q

4 Dorsal Interossei (4th layer)

A

Origin: Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

Insertion: 1st - Medial side of proximal phalanx ofdigit 2
2nd - 4th - lateral sides of proximal phalanges
of digits 2-4

Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Abduct digits 2-4 (DAB)

53
Q

4 Lumbricals (4th layer)

A

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion: Extensor expansions of digits 2-5

Nerve: 1st - Medial plantar nerve
2nd-4th - Lateral plantar nerve

Action: Flex MTP joint; extend IP joints

Anatomy (3 decks)

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