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OPT 637 > Exam 3 -- Multiple Sclerosis > Flashcards

Exam 3 -- Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

Which gender has a higher prevalence of multiple sclerosis?

A

Female

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2
Q

What is the average age of onset of multiple sclerosis?

A

20-35 years

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3
Q

What genetic factor is associated with multiple sclerosis?

A

HLA-DRB1

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4
Q

People who live in northern latitudes have a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis. True or false: once you have lived in a northern latitude, you carry the higher risk with you no matter where else you go.

A

False; your risk is thought to be associated with where you lived prior to puberty.

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5
Q

Fill in the blanks: in ________% of patients with multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis is the most common symptom; in __________%, it is the first symptom.

A

40-50% = most common symptom; 15-20% = first symptom

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6
Q

What is Uhthoff’s sign?

A

Symptoms of MS get worse with heat.

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7
Q

True or false: internuclear ophthalmoplegia is one of the symptoms of MS.

A

True.

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8
Q

Non-ocular symptoms of MS include muscle fatigue/weakness/spasms, numbness, tingling, pain, cognitive decline, bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction.

A

Free card.

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9
Q

Lhermitte’s sign, which is one of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, involves a a radiating pain down the spine due to movement of what body part?

A

Neck

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10
Q

An MRI on a patient with MS might show what?

A

Plaques (demyelination and accumulation of macrophages and T cells)

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11
Q

A lumbar puncture on a patient with MS might contain what kind of antibodies?

A

IgG

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12
Q

True or false: the symptoms of MS are separated in time and space and are usually followed by partial or complete remission.

A

True.

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13
Q

What is the name of the set of criteria used to determine needed clinical findings for diagnosis of MS?

A

McDonald criteria.

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14
Q

MS attacks in a patient are typically reduced during what life event?

A

Pregnancy.

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15
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form makes up 5-10% of cases?

A

PPMS

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16
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form is progressive from the onset and involves minimal relapses?

A

PPMS

17
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form involves gradual worsening and may or may not include relapses?

A

SPMS

18
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form involves acute attacks followed by remission to normal or near-normal?

A

RRMS

19
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form is the most common?

A

RRMS

20
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). In which form is the gender predilection equal?

A

PPMS

21
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Patients with which form usually progress to SPMS?

A

RRMS

22
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form usually occurs 10-20 years after the initial onset?

A

SPMS

23
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form has a later age of onset and has a worse prognosis?

A

PPMS

24
Q

There are a few different forms of multiple sclerosis: clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remissing (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS). Which form involves minimal progression, at the beginning?

A

RRMS

25
Q

IV methylprednisolone can be used for an acute attack of MS. You can use oral prednisone, but only if which symptom is absent?

A

Optic neuritis.

26
Q

What is the most effective medication for MS?

A

Natalizumab infusion

27
Q

Injection therapy for MS is safer than infusion therapy, but less effective. Name a few injectable MS medications.

A

Interferon beta (Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron, Plegrity), Glatiramer

28
Q

Oral therapy for MS is the most convenient, but is less effective than infusion and injection therapies. What drug is the most commonly used oral MS drug?

A

Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)

29
Q

Some medications can be used to manage the symptoms of MS. Which medication helps improve walking speed?

A

Dalfamiridine

30
Q

Some medications can be used to manage the symptoms of MS. Which medication helps with fatigue?

A

Amantadine. This is also a drug used for Parkinson’s.

31
Q

Some medications can be used to manage the symptoms of MS. Which medication is for anti-convulsion and is also the drug of choice for general seizures?

A

Valproate

32
Q

Male patients with PPMS have the worst prognosis.

A

Free card.

33
Q

What percent of untreated patients with MS develop significant disability in 20-25 years?

A

30%

34
Q

True or false: MS is thought to decrease lifespan by 15 years.

A

False; it is thought to decrease lifespan by 7 years.

35
Q

Name the associated grading scale for the following conditions:
TBI
MS
IIH

A

TBI: Glasgow coma scale
MS: McDonald criteria
IIH: Modified Dandy criteria

OPT 637 (24 decks)

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