exam 3 (missing list)

Question 1

free jazz

Answer 1

a jazz style that encourages musicians to discard normal musical conventions such as Melody, Harmony, Time and Form

Question 2

Ornette Coleman

Answer 2

free jazz guy
from texas
moved to NYC
older jazz people hated his style of free jazz but the younger musicians loved it

Question 3

Cecil Taylor

Answer 3

from queens
brought up on NY stride piano
also a free jazz guy

Question 4

third stream

Answer 4

jazz music that’s inspired from classical music, mostly from the 20th century

Question 5

fusion

Answer 5

70s jazz with a more electric feel
weather report - birdland
miles davis & his band - heavy metal
return to forever - spain
john mclaughlin (and the mahavishu orchestra) - meeting of the spirits

Question 6

miles davis’ notable band members (7)

Answer 6

Wayne Shorter - tenor
Herbie Hancock - piano
Keith Jarrett - piano
Joe Zawinul - piano
Dave Holland - piano
Jack Dejohnette - drums
Kenny Garrett - sax

Question 7

weather report members

Answer 7

Joe Zawinul - piano
Wayne Shorter - tenor
Peter Erskine - drums
Jaco Pastorius - electric bass

Question 8

return to forever members

Answer 8

Chick Corea - piano
Stanley Clarke - bass
Lenny White - drums

constantly switched horn players

Question 9

john mclaughlin (and the mahavishu orchestra)

Answer 9

adopted unconventional aspects of jazz like violins and indian-style music

Question 10

John Coltrane

Answer 10

originally from NC but moved to Philly in the 50s
clarinet and alto sax
worked and learned from Miles Davis and Thelonius Monk
His style changed with every album
‘a love supreme’ his most notable album

Question 11

Members of John Coltrane’s quartet

Answer 11

McCoy Tyner - piano
Jimmy Garrison - bass
Elvin Jones - drums

Question 12

musical innovations of John Coltrane

Answer 12

songs with chord progressions that move quickly and to unusual keys

continued liberation of rhythm section playing

freedom with form and the use of “vamps” (alternating between a solo section and a melody)

Question 13

digital recording

Answer 13

sound waves become 0s and 1s (data) and get converted; nearly everything is done this way now, as opposed to analog recording which made sound waves physical imprints

Question 14

synthesizers

Answer 14

allows those to create and synthesise sounds, and were quickly able to store and play dozens of voices / sounds at once

Question 15

digital samplers

Answer 15

stored both pre-recorded and synthesised sounds

Question 16

Digital sequencers

Answer 16

recorded data rather than sounds; creates loops that manipulate grooves

Question 17

drum machines

Answer 17

relied on pads that can be struck and activated by performer, used on many early hip hop recordings; triggers production of sampled sounds

Question 18

kenny rogers

Answer 18

crossover artist from the 70s
starred in tv and movies
sold $250M worth of records from 1977-1984
‘the gambler’ ‘islands in the stream’ ‘lady’

Question 19

peter gabriel

Answer 19

originally a member of Genesis
went solo in 1976
touched on a bunch of genres
loved his music videos

Question 20

madonna

Answer 20

from Michigan
originally a dancer and model
thrived in the NYC dance club scene of the 80s
collabed with a whole bunch of artists
only MJ was more popular in the 80s

Question 21

mc hammer

Answer 21

born Stanley Burrell
high octane dancer with popular live act
seen as pandering to a mass audience
dismissed for being a mediocre lyricist
went bankrupt

Question 22

vanilla ice

Answer 22

born Robert Van Winkle
high octane dancer who developed small audience in black texas clubs
shunned for creating fake gangsta image

Question 23

nwa

Answer 23

Ice Cube, Dr Dre, Easy-E, DJ Yella, MC Ren
Brutally accurate lyrics about sex and violence in urban life
Inspired by public enemy, but became more popular than them
New jack swing – bouncy drum machine generated dance grooves

Question 24

REM members

Answer 24

Michael stipe – vocals
Mike mills – bass
Peter buck – guitar
Bill berry - drums

Question 25

george clinton

Answer 25

aka Dr Funkenstein
leader of parliament and funkadelic
hung out with garage bands and hippies
worked with bootsy Collins and maceo parker
known for polyrhythms, psychedelic solos and jazz horn arrangements
long call-and-response patterns
the concert show experience

Question 26

sly and the family stone

Answer 26

led by Sylvester stewart
“psychedelic soul”
interracial band
worked as a DJ for both rock and  soul stations
anchored by larry graham on bass

Question 27

notable modern jazz musicans

Answer 27

nicholas payton, wynton marsalis and terrence blanchard (all trumpet players from NOLA)

Question 28

roy hargrove

Answer 28

hard bop icon
jazz trumpeter
grammy winner
died last year aged 49

Question 29

kenny garrett

Answer 29

post-bop sax player
played with Ellington and Davis
went solo after stints with both bands

Question 30

post-bop

Answer 30

Post-bop is jazz from the mid-1960s onward that assimilates hard bop, modal jazz, avant-garde and free jazz without necessarily being immediately identifiable as any of the above

Question 31

neo bop

Answer 31

Neo-bop (also called neotraditionalist) refers to a style of jazz that gained popularity in the 1980s among musicians who found greater aesthetic affinity for acoustically-based, swinging, melodic forms of jazz than for free jazz and jazz fusion that had gained prominence in the 1960s and 1970s.

Question 32

backspinning

Answer 32

Back spinning simply refers to causing the currently playing vinyl record to spin backward. DJ’s basically manipulate the sound such that what comes out instead of the actual song on the vinyl, is a shrill sound that is used to slip cue or cut the music playing. It can be considered as a forced rewinding of the record

Question 33

scratching

Answer 33

Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds. A crossfader on a DJ mixer may be used to fade between two records simultaneously

Question 34

mp3

Answer 34

a means of compressing a sound sequence into a very small file, to enable digital storage and transmission.

Question 35

napster

Answer 35

Napster is a set of three music-focused online services. It was founded as a pioneering peer-to-peer file sharing Internet software that emphasized sharing digital audio files, typically audio songs, encoded in MP3 format.

Question 36

auto-tune

Answer 36

a device or facility for tuning something automatically, especially a piece of computer software that enables the correction of an out-of-tune vocal performance.

Question 37

parents music resource center

Answer 37

n American committee formed in 1985 with the stated goal of increasing parental control over the access of children to music deemed to have violent, drug-related or sexual themes via labeling albums with Parental Advisory stickers.

Question 38

pro tools

Answer 38

Pro Tools is a digital audio workstation developed and released by Avid Technology (formerly Digidesign) for Microsoft Windows and macOS which can be used for a wide range of sound recording and sound production purposes.

(think zayne’s music)

Question 39

360-degree deal

Answer 39

In the music industry, a 360 deal (from 360° deal) is a business relationship between an artist and a music industry company. The company agrees to provide financial and other support for the artist, including direct advances as well as support in marketing, promotion, touring and other areas.