EXAM 2 (good version)

Question 1

key features of country & western

Answer 1

name change from Hillbilly
The great migration
grand ole opry
backed by independent record labels

70s
grand ole opry expands
national TV prominence 
many sub-forms of country
country and western changes to country

Question 2

key features of dance music

Answer 2

lots of non-contact dance crazes
caught the imagination of young people 
open for everyone
dance culture for rock music
'the twist'
'the locomotion'
'the mashed potato'

Question 3

Nat King Cole

Answer 3

First gains notoriety aged 20 as leader of the King Cole Trio
probably more commercially successful than Sinatra
Born in Alabama but moved to Chicago
enjoyed by white audiences
‘sepia sinatra’
Crooner who dabbled in RnB
‘Nature Boy’

Question 4

Big Mama Thornton

Answer 4

feminist figure of RnB era
multi-instrumentalist
"hound dog"
from Alabama
daughter of a baptist minister

Question 5

Bill Monroe

Answer 5

Bluegrass music pioneer
Formed the Blue Grass Boys aged 27 and joined cast of grand ole opry one year later
“it’s mighty dark to travel”
hyuck music

Question 6

Hank Williams

Answer 6

Country god
so popular that his songs became standards
grew up poor which was reflected in his music
Honky Tonk pioneer (hard, sad country)
36 top-10 records between 1947-53
"i'm so lonely i could cry"
"hey good looking"
"the wild side of life"

Question 7

Alan Freed

Answer 7

Cleveland DJ who coined the term “Rock ‘n’ Roll”

tried to make music, and society, integrated

Question 8

Jerry Liebler / Mike Stoller

Answer 8

Music writers behind the some of the most popular artists of the 50s
collaborated lots with the Coasters
“hound dog”

Question 9

Patsy Cline

Answer 9

Popular Singer who was the face of the countrypolitan movement
“I fall to pieces”
“crazy (written by willie nelson)

Question 10

Sam Cooke

Answer 10

pioneer of soul music
'king of soul'
brought spirutal perspective to rock and soul
controlled all aspects of his music career
civil rights figure
"you send me"
"bring it on home to me"
"a change is gonna come"

Question 11

Jefferson Airplane

Answer 11

first true psychedelic rock band
originally acoustic and folk rock
san francisco 
improvisational solos when performing live
lead singer: Grace Slick
"somebody to love"
"white rabbit"

Question 12

key features of am/fm radio

Answer 12

AM radio was dominant, but after ww2 and due to the rise of rock music, FM started to take over

Question 13

Phil Spector

Answer 13

Very famous song producer
intern with liebler/stoller
owned Phillies records by 21
handpicked singers and songwriters
"wall of sound"
"teenage symphonies"
"the wrecking crew"
operated in 'the brill building'
"be my baby" came from here

Question 14

Berry Gordy

Answer 14

Created Motown records
the black version of what phil spector was doing
wanted black music to be enjoyed by white people
the supremes and the temptations were some of the early prominent names

Question 15

Herb Alpert

Answer 15

Created A&M Records
trumpet player
associated with Tijuana Brass
noted latin musician
"the lonely bull"
"a taste of honey"
"spanish flea"

Question 16

Changes in music during the oil embargo and nixon’s resignation

Answer 16

One of the reasons hippie music became prominent

Question 17

Carole King

Answer 17

One of Phil Spector’s projects
known for album ‘tapestry’
“it’s too late”

Question 18

Joni Mitchell

Answer 18

wrote songs for other artists in folk era.
strongly emotional music
“carey”
“big yellow taxi”

Question 19

James Taylor

Answer 19

biggest selling singer-songwriter of early 70s
hugely influential to folk, pop and country artists
“fire and rain”

Question 20

Dolly Parton

Answer 20

very successful songwriter
from Tennessee
carefully crafted sex symbol
first female country musician to have her own TV show.
"jolene"
"i will always love you"

Question 21

John Denver

Answer 21

Real name is John Henry Deutschendorf 
urban folk and acoustic guitar, but classified as country because of style
prominent 70s country artist
"thank god i'm a country boy"
"take me home country roads"

Question 22

Carlos Santana

Answer 22

Combined all of his guitar influences from multiple different genres
latin and RnB combined with rock music
“oye como va” formally a mambo hit

Question 23

Marvin Gaye

Answer 23

Started with Motown records
social justice and non-violence his key themes
wrote and produced songs himself
RnB that crossed into pop
"mercy mercy me"
"what's going on"

Question 24

Chicago (the band)

Answer 24

charted albums from 60s to 2000s
fused guitar-centred rock with lead voices of trumpet, trombone and sax
“25 or 6 to 4”

Question 25

Tower of Power

Answer 25

Jazz Rock and Funk band from Oakland huge influence of James Brown heavy horn music "what is hip"

Question 26

key features of am/fm radio

Answer 26

AM radio was dominant, but after ww2 and due to the rise of rock music, FM started to take over In the 70s, AM radio is still important and evolving. FM radio is still expanding, though less eclectic 700 FM radio stations by '49

Question 27

RnB

Answer 27

Was the opposite of country and western music in many ways, mostly business-wise took many forms, including jump blues (louis jordan) Blues Crooners were also a thing electric blues (muddy waters) Strong female presence early and throughout

Question 28

crooners

Answer 28

replaced bandleaders as faces of the music industry after the war reflected themes that were prevalent after the war used covers

Question 29

frank sinatra

Answer 29

``` new jersey started in a quartet singing waiter rose to prominence during the war at the height of his fame her performed 40 hours a week ```

Question 30

louis jordan

Answer 30

``` Born in Arkansas sax player leader of the Tympany 5 Decca Records very influential across many genres and races "choo choo ch'boogie" Jump Blues ```

Question 31

muddy waters

Answer 31

Electric Blues originally from Mississippi Born in the bars of black neighbourhoods in Chicago Crowd was so loud that he had to plug in his guitar aka McKinley Morganfield

Question 32

ruth brown

Answer 32

``` "miss rhythm" from Virginia influenced by her church upbringing signed with Atlantic records in 1949 aged 16 "mama he treats your daughter mean" ```

Question 33

chuck berry

Answer 33

"maybelline" first huge hit grew up in STL but born in LA initially sounded like happy fast paced country music, but morphed into rock music

Question 34

little richard

Answer 34

Richard Wayne Penniman failed RnB artist TuttiFrutti his first rock hit

Question 35

janis joplin

Answer 35

Born in texas, moved to SF | band was called Big Brother and the Holding Company

Question 36

jimi hendrix band members

Answer 36

Noel redding (bass) and Mitch mitchell (drums) formed the Jimi Hendrix experience

Question 37

the doors

Answer 37

Signed with Elektra records released light my fire in 65 band were originally film students at UCLA

Question 38

eric clapton

Answer 38

British | influenced by robert johnson and bb king

Question 39

james taylor's first album

Answer 39

1970 album 'sweet baby james' his breakout album

Question 40

led zeppelin

Answer 40

``` First true heavy metal band john bonham jimmy page robert plant john paul jones ```

Question 41

willie nelson

Answer 41

Mostly known for his songwriting (crazy by patsy cline) moved from nashville to austin face of anti-country country, where he's a country artist but without the 'nashville sound'

Question 42

waylon jennings

Answer 42

Was a member of the Crickets decided he was done with typical country music and became the bad boy of country "t for texas" similar to willie nelson

Question 43

the recording industry

Answer 43

Location-based independent record labels became prominent after ww2

Question 44

end of ww2

Answer 44

``` songs were calming and romantic crooners were popular G-rated themes accompanied by small orchestras light-hearted novelty songs everything was positive, and the status quo was hardly ever broken ```

Question 45

LPs

Answer 45

Introduced by Columbia records in 1948 as 12-inch long-playing disc 33.5 rotations per minute more than 20 mins of music on each side, whereas discs used to only be able to hold 4 mins made of vinyl benefitted classical and jazz paved the way for albums

Question 46

45s

Answer 46

A direct response to the introduction of LPs by Columbia records one year earlier 7-inch 45 r.p.m. while it stored less music than the 45 it paved the way for multiple songs, because it could play multiple tracks with 15 sec breaks in the middle consumers could sometimes choose the songs that were put on the 45, which reflected the popularity of jukeboxes

Question 47

cassettes

Answer 47

best way for music to reach remote parts of the country. Also easy to make for smaller record labels

Question 48

overdubbing

Answer 48

the act of replacing parts of a recording with more improved parts. introduced alongside magnetic tape after the war, but ended up being used more with discs

Question 49

synthesisers

Answer 49

stevie wonder was the first prominent artist to use it | the first true electronic instrument

Question 50

magnetic tape

Answer 50

developed by germans and japanese in the 30s recorded directly onto master phonograph discs better captured full range of musical sounds essentially took over the recording industry by the late 40s