EXAM 2 (good version) Flashcards
key features of country & western
name change from Hillbilly
The great migration
grand ole opry
backed by independent record labels
70s grand ole opry expands national TV prominence many sub-forms of country country and western changes to country
key features of dance music
lots of non-contact dance crazes caught the imagination of young people open for everyone dance culture for rock music 'the twist' 'the locomotion' 'the mashed potato'
Nat King Cole
First gains notoriety aged 20 as leader of the King Cole Trio
probably more commercially successful than Sinatra
Born in Alabama but moved to Chicago
enjoyed by white audiences
‘sepia sinatra’
Crooner who dabbled in RnB
‘Nature Boy’
Big Mama Thornton
feminist figure of RnB era multi-instrumentalist "hound dog" from Alabama daughter of a baptist minister
Bill Monroe
Bluegrass music pioneer
Formed the Blue Grass Boys aged 27 and joined cast of grand ole opry one year later
“it’s mighty dark to travel”
hyuck music
Hank Williams
Country god so popular that his songs became standards grew up poor which was reflected in his music Honky Tonk pioneer (hard, sad country) 36 top-10 records between 1947-53 "i'm so lonely i could cry" "hey good looking" "the wild side of life"
Alan Freed
Cleveland DJ who coined the term “Rock ‘n’ Roll”
tried to make music, and society, integrated
Jerry Liebler / Mike Stoller
Music writers behind the some of the most popular artists of the 50s
collaborated lots with the Coasters
“hound dog”
Patsy Cline
Popular Singer who was the face of the countrypolitan movement
“I fall to pieces”
“crazy (written by willie nelson)
Sam Cooke
pioneer of soul music 'king of soul' brought spirutal perspective to rock and soul controlled all aspects of his music career civil rights figure "you send me" "bring it on home to me" "a change is gonna come"
Jefferson Airplane
first true psychedelic rock band originally acoustic and folk rock san francisco improvisational solos when performing live lead singer: Grace Slick "somebody to love" "white rabbit"
key features of am/fm radio
AM radio was dominant, but after ww2 and due to the rise of rock music, FM started to take over
Phil Spector
Very famous song producer intern with liebler/stoller owned Phillies records by 21 handpicked singers and songwriters "wall of sound" "teenage symphonies" "the wrecking crew" operated in 'the brill building' "be my baby" came from here
Berry Gordy
Created Motown records
the black version of what phil spector was doing
wanted black music to be enjoyed by white people
the supremes and the temptations were some of the early prominent names
Herb Alpert
Created A&M Records trumpet player associated with Tijuana Brass noted latin musician "the lonely bull" "a taste of honey" "spanish flea"
Changes in music during the oil embargo and nixon’s resignation
One of the reasons hippie music became prominent
Carole King
One of Phil Spector’s projects
known for album ‘tapestry’
“it’s too late”
Joni Mitchell
wrote songs for other artists in folk era.
strongly emotional music
“carey”
“big yellow taxi”
James Taylor
biggest selling singer-songwriter of early 70s
hugely influential to folk, pop and country artists
“fire and rain”
Dolly Parton
very successful songwriter from Tennessee carefully crafted sex symbol first female country musician to have her own TV show. "jolene" "i will always love you"
John Denver
Real name is John Henry Deutschendorf urban folk and acoustic guitar, but classified as country because of style prominent 70s country artist "thank god i'm a country boy" "take me home country roads"
Carlos Santana
Combined all of his guitar influences from multiple different genres
latin and RnB combined with rock music
“oye como va” formally a mambo hit
Marvin Gaye
Started with Motown records social justice and non-violence his key themes wrote and produced songs himself RnB that crossed into pop "mercy mercy me" "what's going on"
Chicago (the band)
charted albums from 60s to 2000s
fused guitar-centred rock with lead voices of trumpet, trombone and sax
“25 or 6 to 4”
Tower of Power
Jazz Rock and Funk band from Oakland
huge influence of James Brown
heavy horn music
“what is hip”
key features of am/fm radio
AM radio was dominant, but after ww2 and due to the rise of rock music, FM started to take over
In the 70s, AM radio is still important and evolving. FM radio is still expanding, though less eclectic
700 FM radio stations by ‘49
RnB
Was the opposite of country and western music in many ways, mostly business-wise
took many forms, including jump blues (louis jordan)
Blues Crooners were also a thing
electric blues (muddy waters)
Strong female presence early and throughout
crooners
replaced bandleaders as faces of the music industry after the war
reflected themes that were prevalent after the war
used covers
frank sinatra
new jersey started in a quartet singing waiter rose to prominence during the war at the height of his fame her performed 40 hours a week
louis jordan
Born in Arkansas sax player leader of the Tympany 5 Decca Records very influential across many genres and races "choo choo ch'boogie" Jump Blues
muddy waters
Electric Blues
originally from Mississippi
Born in the bars of black neighbourhoods in Chicago
Crowd was so loud that he had to plug in his guitar
aka McKinley Morganfield
ruth brown
"miss rhythm" from Virginia influenced by her church upbringing signed with Atlantic records in 1949 aged 16 "mama he treats your daughter mean"
chuck berry
“maybelline” first huge hit
grew up in STL but born in LA
initially sounded like happy fast paced country music, but morphed into rock music
little richard
Richard Wayne Penniman
failed RnB artist
TuttiFrutti his first rock hit
janis joplin
Born in texas, moved to SF
band was called Big Brother and the Holding Company
jimi hendrix band members
Noel redding (bass) and Mitch mitchell (drums) formed the Jimi Hendrix experience
the doors
Signed with Elektra records
released light my fire in 65
band were originally film students at UCLA
eric clapton
British
influenced by robert johnson and bb king
james taylor’s first album
1970 album ‘sweet baby james’ his breakout album
led zeppelin
First true heavy metal band john bonham jimmy page robert plant john paul jones
willie nelson
Mostly known for his songwriting (crazy by patsy cline)
moved from nashville to austin
face of anti-country country, where he’s a country artist but without the ‘nashville sound’
waylon jennings
Was a member of the Crickets
decided he was done with typical country music and became the bad boy of country
“t for texas”
similar to willie nelson
the recording industry
Location-based independent record labels became prominent after ww2
end of ww2
songs were calming and romantic crooners were popular G-rated themes accompanied by small orchestras light-hearted novelty songs everything was positive, and the status quo was hardly ever broken
LPs
Introduced by Columbia records in 1948 as 12-inch long-playing disc
33.5 rotations per minute
more than 20 mins of music on each side, whereas discs used to only be able to hold 4 mins
made of vinyl
benefitted classical and jazz
paved the way for albums
45s
A direct response to the introduction of LPs by Columbia records one year earlier
7-inch 45 r.p.m.
while it stored less music than the 45 it paved the way for multiple songs, because it could play multiple tracks with 15 sec breaks in the middle
consumers could sometimes choose the songs that were put on the 45, which reflected the popularity of jukeboxes
cassettes
best way for music to reach remote parts of the country. Also easy to make for smaller record labels
overdubbing
the act of replacing parts of a recording with more improved parts.
introduced alongside magnetic tape after the war, but ended up being used more with discs
synthesisers
stevie wonder was the first prominent artist to use it
the first true electronic instrument
magnetic tape
developed by germans and japanese in the 30s
recorded directly onto master phonograph discs
better captured full range of musical sounds
essentially took over the recording industry by the late 40s
