Exam 3 material

Question 1

What are speech events in linguistic anthropology?

Answer 1

things people actually say other than language rules

Question 2

Sociolinguistics

Answer 2

how people say what they say, and how these things relate to/teach/reproduce and challenge social and cultural contexts
like student emails to teachers

Question 3

Components of linguistic anthropology

Answer 3

speech events
sociolinguistics
nonverbal communication
patient-doctor communication

Question 4

Doctor-patient communication

Answer 4

Doctors interrupt patients more, but male patients interrupt female doctors more

Question 5

Why might doctors interrupt patients in western biomedical system?

Answer 5

doctor doesn’t have much time with patient, so asks questions specific to diseases for proper diagnosis

Question 6

what is an illness narrative

Answer 6

stories people tell about why they are ill. provides bridge between internal experience of illness and social meanings of illness/disease.
Not everyone makes narrative to make sense of experience
dual nature: both cultural patterning and individual variation
helps healing too

Question 7

% of people who don’t take medication as prescribed

Answer 7

96%

Question 8

elements that might impact whether you see a health professional

Answer 8

prior efficacy, attitude

your beliefs, technology, severity of illness

Question 9

Social construction of illness (ex)

Answer 9

Leprosy
illness seen as worse than it is because it is easily treatable early on and not contagious, but attitude and past knowledge of disease makes it seem worse
stigma and social roles vary

Question 10

problem with stigma in disease

Answer 10

connotation/feelings surrounding illness sometimes causes a delay in receiving treatment

Question 11

What is a key goal in chronic illness according to medical anthropology?

Answer 11

how to maintain social roles and sense of self

Question 12

Characteristics of population in a society pre-demographic transition

Answer 12

high total fertility and high infant mortality rate
early parenthood
Quantitative child rearing strategies
many youth, fewer elders

Question 13

Characteristics of population in a society post-demographic transition

Answer 13

low total fertility and low infant mortality
delayed parenthood
qualitative child rearing strategies 
fewer youth, many elders
new pattern today

Question 14

when is risk of death in children highest?

Answer 14

first month of life, when safe childbirth and effective neonatal care are essential
preterm birth, birth asphyxia, infections cause most birth deaths

Question 15

how to minimize risks to newborns

Answer 15

quality care during pregnancy
safe delivery by skilled birth attendant
strong neonatal care: immediate attention to breathing and warmth, hygienic cord and skin care, exclusive breastfeeding

Question 16

main causes of death between 1m and 5yr of age

Answer 16

pneumonia: main cause, usually b/c of malnutrition and air pollution, no vaccination, antibiotics, proper oxygen
diarrhea: leading cause in developing countries
malaria
measles
HIV
malnutrition contributes to more than half of deaths.

Question 17

causes of death in adolescents

Answer 17

accidents (car), suicide, violence, pregnancy complications, illnesses

Question 18

why women don’t use contraception in Mexico as much

Answer 18

no “Western” feminism, so contraception didn’t mean liberation and sexual freedom
individual vs. social
urban anonymity vs. rural social sanction

Question 19

cultural competence in child protection for relativism

Answer 19

rationalize cultural differences
multiple standards for child care
misidentification of non-maltreatment

Question 20

Cultural competence in child protection for ethnocentrism

Answer 20

disregard cultural differences
single standard for child care
misidentification of maltreatment

Question 21

needs for anthropologists in international health

Answer 21

design culturally appropriate programs
investigate and communicate how political, economic, historical, cultural, and social stratification factors affect health
ex: oral rehydration therapy and tobacco use in third world countries

Question 22

diseases of poverty critique and global health

Answer 22

global disease threats
disease does not respect borders
global community
pharmaceutical commons

Question 23

What has been a major med anth topic in past 20 years?

Answer 23

reproductive health

Question 24

areas of reproductive health studied a lot in med anth

Answer 24

obstetric practice in children and risk of maternal mortality
cultural beliefs about menstruation and health, diet, infertility, abortion, contraception, and menopause
essentialization of women with reproduction
what do women see as their health concerns?

Question 25

What is authoritative knowledge in gender, reproduction, and women’s health?

Answer 25

rules that carry more weight than others and explain state of world better (“efficacy”)
associated with a stronger power base (“structural superiority”)
doctors over patients

Question 26

3 factors that increase adherence to physician

Answer 26

seriousness of problem
coherence with own beliefs
increase use of technology

Question 27

what are ethnopsychiatric systems based on?

Answer 27

cultural assumptions and social role expectations

Question 28

what is ethnopsychology

Answer 28

study of relationships among cognitive, communicative, and social-institutional forces
conceptual models of indigenous understandings of self, personality, motivation, and the like

Question 29

what is developmental ethnopsychology?

Answer 29

appropriate (or inappropriate) behaviors, cognitive-emotional expressions, abilities, and responsibilities at certain ages or life stages