Exam 3- Mammals Final Flashcards
behavioral response of predators to different prey densities (feeding rate)
functional response of predators
there is generally a ___ relationship between feeding rate and prey density with an ___
positive, asymptote
asymptote on graph of the functional response of predators
handling constraints, gut capacity limitations
the response of a predator population to prey density
numerical response
alterations in fertility rate, survival, and dispersal as a result of changing prey density
population response
asymptote on graph of the numerical response of predators
determined by interference competition between predators
combines functional and numerical response of predators
total response
total response expresses the percent of the ______ as a function of _____
prey population eaten, prey density
without predators, the prey population size = _____
carrying capacity (K)
if abiotic factors reduce prey, predators maintain them
predator pit
mortality rate declining as prey density is increasing, often referred to as ___
depensatory response
area with a large amount of waterfowl and important breeding
North American prairie pothole region
nest success is declining at _____% per year
0.5
effects of predator exclusion on waterfowl
- improvement in islands and exclusion plots
- removal not significant in improving success
- nest success kept declining over time
- suggesting that factors other than predation could be important for duck population
why may the duck populations have continued to decrease?
predator removal may not have taken smaller predators, functional response from these smaller predators can lead to higher mortality of nests
wolves and ungulates in Yukon
- decline in caribou, moose, Dall sheep
- reduction of wolves over 5 years
- wolf predation was reducing caribou/moose calf recruitment and reducing adult moose survival
- no effect on dall sheep
____ are very efficient vole predators
weasels
weasel subnivean hunting
killed 1/2 voles in the population over 3 years
Russian Crop Ticks and weasels resulted in….
59% fewer voles
in many instances ___ combines with _____ to limit prey populations
predation, competition
hare population fluctuation
1-2 orders of magnitude every 10 years, lynx primary predator
during peak hare year…
- predation increase 1.6 fold
- starvation increase 9 fold
- predation made up 58% of deaths
- population limited by predation and food
predation-sensitive food hypothesis
joint limitation of prey abundance by predation and food
predator regulation hypothesis
prey density regulated at some low density (predator pit) by a predator population