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RELG 350 > Exam 3 - Islam and Judaism > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Islam and Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

Islam is an Arabic word for …

A

Submission

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2
Q

A Muslim is someone who …

A

submits to Allah

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3
Q

Islam, Islamic, Muslim came from the ________ root _____ meaning _______

A

Arabic; s l m; yield

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4
Q

The essence of Islam is ….

A

Complete submission

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5
Q

“ALLAH”, Arabic word for ..

A

“The God” ; The only one true God

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6
Q

___________ is vital for Islam

A

Monotheism

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7
Q

“Assalamu alaikum” or “Salaam Alaikum”

A

Peace be upon you; official Islamic greeting; used by the Prophet

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8
Q

What happened to Muhammad’s mother, father? Who raised him?

A

father died before birth, mother died at six; Raised by uncle: Abu-Talib (clan leader)

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9
Q

Muhammad grew up in _______ area of _________ ______

A

Pagan area; Saudi Arabia

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10
Q

What did Muhammad do at 25?

A

He married Khadijah (wealthy widow), both sons died, 4 daughters [later had 11 more wives]

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11
Q

What did Muhammad do at 40?

A

Muhammad began to receive visions & revelations from angel Gabriel

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12
Q

How long does Muhammad’s visions and revelations lasts? What does it become?

A

23 years; Qur’an

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13
Q

The pillar often adjacent to the mosques is called?

A

Minaret

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14
Q

Muhammad’s message of monotheism met great opposition from __________ in _____

A

Pagan polytheist tribesman (esp. the merchants); Mecca

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15
Q

Hijrah

A

622 AD - Muhammad fled from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina); marks the official beginning of Islam. The next 8 years, there was fighting within the Meccans

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16
Q

Constitution of Medina

A

Muhammad united the many Arabian tribes

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17
Q

Return to Mecca

A

630 AD, Muhammad returned with 10,000 soldiers

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18
Q

Who was instructed to make the call to prayer for the city in Mecca?

A

Bilal (Muhammad’s African servant)

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19
Q

What happened to the Kaaba after Muhammad’s return to Mecca?

A

The Kaaba is cleansed off, its 360 Pagan idols are destroyed

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20
Q

When did Muhammad die?

A

632 AD

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21
Q

Tawheed or Tawhid in Arabic means …

A

Oneness

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22
Q

Tawheed refers to ….

A

unity - attributing Oneness to Allah and describing Him as being One and Unique, w/ no partner, peer or rivals in His Essence and Attributes

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23
Q

Tawheed means …

A

knowing Allah is the One, w/ none like unto Him. Allah is indivisible, unique

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24
Q

What is the core principle of universe in Islam and basis for monotheism?

A

Tawheed

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25
Q

What are the six basic beliefs of Islam?

A

Monotheism, Prophet, Qur’an, Judgement, Salvation

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26
Q

Islam emphatically asserts that Allah is ______

A

the one and eternal God; Lord and Creator of universe

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27
Q

Symbol of Islam is …

A

Crescent and Star

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28
Q

What does Islam think about The Trinity?

A

Totally rejects the idea of Trinity

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29
Q

2 Evidences of Allah’s existence?

A

Nature’s Order, Qur’an

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30
Q

Only Begotten (________)

A

Monogenes; mono - one, genes - kind AKA one of a kind :)

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31
Q

In Islam, what is Jesus’ role?

A

Jesus is a prophet (messenger); not Son of God; not divine (not Savior)

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32
Q

In terms of Prophets in Islam, Muhammad was ….

A

The last and greatest prophet (not Savior, example)

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33
Q

Although Muslims believe in many inspired boos (Torah, Psalms,, Gospels), only the Qur’an is …

A

the final, uncorrupted, revelation of God’s will; copy of eternal scriptures in heaven

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34
Q

Literal Inspiration

A

Qur’an in Arabic is exact words of God revealed to Muhammad. God’s perfect expression. Not one word of its 114 chapters (Suras) has been changed

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35
Q

What is the most memorized book in the world?

A

Qur’an

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36
Q

Qur’an was written down by ____ and compiled by ___

A

Zayd and others; 3rd Caliph

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37
Q

What are angels according to Muslims?

A

intermediary beings, made of light that works as God’s messenger

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38
Q

Gabriel (Islam)

A

The highest angel, angel of revelation

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39
Q

2 angel scribes record …

A

human good and bad deeds, thoughts and feelings

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40
Q

Jinn

A

not angels, but invisible creatures with free will, distorted into “genie”

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41
Q

On the Day of Judgement, …

A

all our actions in this life is judged by Allah; Allah will reward or punish us based on good or bad deeds. good -> heaven, bad -> hell

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42
Q

Salvation depends solely on _______

A

human merit (good works)

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43
Q

Islam rejects …

A

divine atonement, redemption or grace

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44
Q

InshaAllah

A

if God wills; affects all plans for future; may be distorted into fatalism

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45
Q

5 Pillars of Islam

A

Shahadah, Sholat, Fasting, Zakah, Pilgrimage

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46
Q

Shahadah

A

declaration of faith; “bearing witness”; “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad PBUH is his messenger”; Saying this publicly with conviction qualifies you to become a Muslim

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47
Q

Sholat (Prayer)

A

5x a day; facing Mecca; after ritual washing of hands (wudhu)

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48
Q

Immam

A

the prayer leader; leads in prostrations (bow to ground)

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49
Q

Muezzin

A

Muslim crier calling worshippers to pray in mosque

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50
Q

Islam’s holy day is _______ to be spent at ______

A

Friday; mosque for prayers/sermons

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51
Q

Sawn

A

fasting for month of Ramadhan (when Muhammad received Qur’an); refrain from eating/drinking anything during daylight hours for a month

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52
Q

Zakah (Charity)

A

Giving alms is required of all Muslims; 2.5% of income to poor; Human beings are caretakers of God’s wealth; doing business for good

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53
Q

Major concern of Qur’an is …

A

care of the poor

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54
Q

All muslims are required once in a lifetime to …

A

make pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj); includes two weeks of ceremonies and rituals; worshippers wear white garments to demonstrate equality before Allah

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55
Q

Kaaba

A

house of Allah, was a pagan shrine, a sacred black stone in Mecca; Abraham and Ishmael built an altar. Meteorite stone, came from heaven.

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56
Q

Eid Al-Fitr

A

at the end of Ramadhan, feast of thanksgiving

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57
Q

Eid al-Adha

A

annual festival of sacrifice. During this festival, Muslim sacrifice domestic animals as a symbol of Abraham’s faith. Meat is distributed among family

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58
Q

Mawlib an-Nabi

A

the birthday of the prophet

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59
Q

Sunnah

A

the beliefs and practices established by Muhammad; The second sacred source (and authority) in Islam after the Qur’an

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60
Q

Sunnah is the way …

A

Muhammad lived his life (the straight path)

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61
Q

Hadith

A

Multiple-volume collection of sayings or stories of Muhammad. Guidance for the most aspects of daily life

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62
Q

Hadith compared to the Qur’an?

A

influential but less authoritative than Qur’an

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63
Q

Sunni believes that successor to Muhammad should be …

A

chosen by election, not heredity.

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64
Q

Shi’a believes that successor to Muhammad should be …

A

one of Muhammad’s descendants

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65
Q

In terms of civil and religious authorities, Sunni believes …

A

seperation

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66
Q

Sunni’s beliefs and practices are based upon ____ and ______

A

Quran and Hadith (traditions)

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67
Q

About ___% of all Muslims are Sunni

A

85

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68
Q

Shi’a, also known as …

A

Shiat Ali (followers of Ali), minority of Muslim

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69
Q

Shi’a is a movement that began with …

A

martyrdom of Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law)

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70
Q

Shiites call their leaders _____

A

immam

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71
Q

Shiites believes that religious authorities should …

A

exercise religious and political power

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72
Q

The 12th Immam

A

“Twelver”, Shiites believe that in 869 in present day Iraq, God took the 12th Immam into hiding. He has never died and this Mahdi (messiah figure) will one day return and lead the world into justice and peace

73
Q

The Caliphate

A

no appointed successor for Muhammad

74
Q

First four caliphs were more like

A

kings

75
Q

___ _____ chosen as caliph (successor, representatives)

A

Abu Bakr

76
Q

Umayyid caliphate

A

Damascus, wealthy

77
Q

Abbasid dynasty

A

Baghdad, richest & most tolerant, educated, valued, high point

78
Q

Mamelukes

A

Turkey and Egypt - decline

79
Q

Ottoman Turks - caliph

A

sultan, ended WW1

80
Q

Suffi

A

minority, mystics of Islam. Practice simple of poverty and abstinence.

81
Q

Suffi emphasizes …

A

the emotional & mystical aspects of devotion & worship

82
Q

Nation of Islam

A

founded on 1930 in US by Wallace Fard Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad (2nd leader), Lewis Farrakhan (new leader)

83
Q

Goal of Nation of Islam

A

improve African American lives through Islam.

Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali

84
Q

Jihad meaning

A

the struggle (for Islam) - a struggle in God’s path

85
Q

Jihad occurs ___x in Qur’an and usually means …

A

41; striving in the way of God (for the cause of Islam), rarely but sometimes means war

86
Q

only _____________ are Jihad

A

defensive battles to defend Islam

87
Q

Jihad is also any …

A

personal/societal struggle to advance Islam.

88
Q

Jihad, reward?

A

paradise

89
Q

2016 Marrakesh Declaration

A

250 Muslim leaders (religious scholars and head of states) signed a 750 word document calling for religious freedom for non-Muslims. Muslim nations should protect Christians from persecution

90
Q

Summer 2013, Aug 18, 2013

A

time of turmoil in Egypt, 60 churches were burned; Local SDA was protected by Muslims

91
Q

Shari’a

A

the sacred law of Islam; based upon the Qur’an, Haddith & other Muslim religious writings and traditions. Shari’a covers every aspect of life

92
Q

Fundmentalism (Shari’a)

A

demands radical implementation of Shari’a

93
Q

Muslims are generally …

A

very family-oriented; abstain from pork, alcohol, etc; very much a part of a community of believers

94
Q

Conversion from Islam to Christianity is very difficult because ….

A

it causes you to break with your family and community… your entire life.

95
Q

Muslim objections to Christianity

A
  1. God is one
  2. Christ cannot be God
  3. The Bible is full of errors
  4. Islam is logical & simple
96
Q

God is one [Muslim objections to Christianity]

A

the Trinity is blasphemous & does not make sense. God does not have sex or have a son.

97
Q

Christ cannot be God [Muslim objections to Christianity]

A

a human being cannot be God. Illogical

98
Q

The Bible is full of errors [Muslim objections to Christianity]

A

Qur’an is pure

99
Q

Islam is logical & simple [Muslim objections to Christianity]

A

submit to one God and obey Him

100
Q

Christian’s POV [Muslim objections to Christianity]

A
  1. Christianity is monotheism, Trinity explains love
  2. Incarnation - God became human
  3. Compare simplicity of Qur’an and complexity of Bible. Bible is far more complex and reliable
  4. Faith in God who is great will go beyond logic and involves mystery, complexity
101
Q

Differences between Islam & Christianity

A
  • The character of God in Islam emphasizes His justice but not His role as a loving Father
  • Islam considers the Bible to be a corrupted revelation from God. Only the Qur’an is “pure truth”
  • Islam does not accept the substitutionary atonement of Jesus
  • Adventist Sabbath-keeping appears “Jewish”
  • Rejection of the Trinity
102
Q

What are “The Holy Books of Allah”?

A

Torah (Tawrah), Psalms (Zabur), Gospels (Injeel), Qur’an

103
Q

What does Qur’an say about the Bible?

A

the law given to Moses was revealed by Allah.

Gospels: guidance and admonition to those who fear Allah

104
Q

Common ground (Islam and Christianity)

A
  • Creation
  • Conflict between God and Satan
  • Fall of humanity
  • Family values
  • Stance on Zionism
  • Health
  • Belief that Jesus (Issa) is coming soon
105
Q

Judaism’s focus and emphasis?

A

practice, how to live a righteous life. Making a difference in the world through a righteous life, as a moral example.

106
Q

two categories of covenant in Judaism?

A

conditional (ex. David), unilateral: not mutual, the responsibility is on one side and privilege on the other (ex. the Flood)

107
Q

a covenant has …

A

responsibilities and privilege

108
Q

What is the central event (the heart & soul of Judaism)

A

The Exodus (14 BCE)

109
Q

What happened in Sinai?

A

Law (Torah) & Tabernacle (sanctuary) - law and how to make it right.
[Sacrifice, Sanctuary, Priesthood, 10 Commandments, Legal Code, Ritual Purity Code]

110
Q

Post-Sinai institutions

A

ark of the covenant & the tabernacle (tent of meeting)

111
Q

Yawh

A

covenant God (obedience, joy, gratitude)

112
Q

Priests

A

served in the temple (mediator between God & man)

113
Q

Prophets

A

provide guidance & reproof to king & nation; concern for justice, poor, worship

114
Q

When did Israel divide into 2 nations?

A

922 BCE

115
Q

Israel was divided into 2 nations:

A

North (Israel) & South (Judah) - more faithful

116
Q

Northern Kingdom taken captive by _______ in ______ BCE

A

Assyria; 722

117
Q

Jerusalem destroyed by __________ in ______ BCE

A

Babylonian; 586

118
Q

Diaspora

A

scattering of Judaism among the nation (6 BCE) - spreading seed

119
Q

Role of Rabbi

A

master/teacher of synagogue (interpreter)

120
Q

Jewish “chosenness” & “seperateness”?

A

Sabbath, Kosher, Circumcision, Clothing (fringe/border, Yarmulke)

121
Q

Hellenezation

A

make it more like the Greeks

122
Q

Post-exilic, those who stayed?

A

Samaritan

123
Q

Maccabees

A

rebels army during Seleucid (Syria) rule - rejected Hellenization of Palestine - 2nd Cent. BC

124
Q

Antiochus Epipahnes IV

A

Seleucid ruler (ban Torah, brought idols to the temple)

125
Q

who are the key characters in Maccabees?

A

Matthias the Hasmonean & his son Judas

126
Q

Maccabees means ______ and is a follower of _______

A

hammer; Judas M

127
Q

Hasmonean Empire

A

164 BCE - 63 BCE

128
Q

The revolt against Rome & destruction of Jerusalem

A

60-70 BCE

129
Q

The Mishnah

A

200 BCE - collection of all commentary since Ezra

130
Q

The Talmud

A

Mishnah + Gemarah (500) added commentary dealing with all aspect of Jewish life

131
Q

Shabbatai Zei

A

Smyrna (Jewish leader, charismatic & popular) declares himself as Messiah; conflict, forced to move to Islam

132
Q

Moses Mendelssohn

A

[German Jew] engage modern world

133
Q

Baal Shem Tov (Hasidic movement)

A

return to simple faith

134
Q

Reform Judaism

A

continuing liberalism within Judaism (no Talmud, no Messiah)

135
Q

The Holocaust, some causes?

A

German racism, economic troubles, surge of nationalism

136
Q

modern Zionism

A

movement to restore restore land of Islam, immigrants to Palestine

137
Q

the nation of Israel

A

established in 1948

138
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

largest, oldest (traditional); preserve traditional Jewish cultures, religion, advocate following the Torah, Talmud, Hebrew

139
Q

Reform Judaism

A

liberal, began in Europe & US. Emphasize modernism, worship at temple on Friday nights, local language, introduced choir and organ

140
Q

Conservative Judaism

A

reaction to reform movement, emphasizes the study of scriptures, Sabbath worship; movement towards orthodox

141
Q

Sabbath

A

no work on 7th day, celebration of creation, candles it, candles lit. (“Queen is coming”)

142
Q

Passover

A

march/april, 8 days, celebrate the deliverance (seder meal - unleavened bread (matzot))

143
Q

Feast of Weeks

A

Pentecost: 50 days after passover

  1. Celebration of grain harvest
  2. Receiving of 10 commandments in Mt. Sinai
144
Q

Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year)

A

September/October, penitence leaading up to Yom Kippur [think about life] (Creation: 3760 BCE) Blowing Shofar - ram’s horn trumpet blown as a call of repentance

145
Q

Yom Kippur

A

day of atonement: holiest day of the year; the day of penitence; fasting from food & work; time of redication

146
Q

Purim

A

Festivals of Lots; a thanksgiving commemorating the victory of Esther over Haman

147
Q

Yom Ha’atzmaut

A

A festival of independence, commemorating the return to Israel at 1948

148
Q

Shavout

A

The Festival of Weeks commemorating God giving 10 Commandments to Moses and also the offering of the first fruits

149
Q

Sukkoth

A

A seven-day harvest festival during which participants set up booths or tents to commemorate God’s care of Israelites in the wilderness

150
Q

Chanukah

A

not biblical; 8 day Festival of Lights; celebrate victory oil in the temple didn’t run out. Celebrating Judah Maccabaeus over Syrians in 165 BCE

151
Q

First Commonwealth

A

Moses (1450 BC) - Daniel (586 BC)

152
Q

Second Commonwealth

A

Dest. of Jerusalem (586 BC) - Dest. of Temple (70 AD)

153
Q

Third Commonwealth

A

Est. Israel (1948) - Present

154
Q

Circumcision

A

8 day for baby

155
Q

Synagogue’s essential things?

A

ark - holds Torah scrolls, lectern - from where they stand to preach, lamp

156
Q

Shema

A

based on Deut 6:4 (“Hear O Israel, the Lord our God is One”)

157
Q

Tefillin

A

Write on paper, put in box placed in head/arm; Deut 11:18

158
Q

Mezuzah

A

Box on door post

159
Q

Tallit

A

Prayer shawl (cover shoulders)

160
Q

Skullcap

A

Yarmulke/Kippah [men] - identify as Jew

161
Q

Hanukiah

A

9 candlestiks

162
Q

Rabbi Harold Kushner (1935)

A

[Conservative] author of “When Bad Things Happen to Good People”; denies that God is omnipotent

163
Q

Ladder of Observance

A

why? to do good, to be good, enhances humanity, life isn’t wasted, makes ordinary “holy”

164
Q

Kosher

A

Lev 11 (Fish - fins, scales; Land - chew the dud, split hooves)

165
Q

Amidab

A

a series of benedictions that use the formula “Blessed are you O God, King of the Universe”

166
Q

Ideally, set prayers are recited in a _________, ________

A

minyan; a group of at least ten men

167
Q

Messiah, meaning?

A

the anointed

168
Q

Tanach

A

Jewish Bible, from T,N,K:

Torah, Nebi’im, Ketubim

169
Q

Torah

A

guidance and instruction [containts 613 commandments fundemental to Jewish life.]

170
Q

Nebi’im

A

prophets

171
Q

Ketubim

A

writings

172
Q

In the beginning God created

A

Bereshith bara Elohim

173
Q

Talmud

A

6th Jewish law book

174
Q

Liturgy

A

prayer service; described as “the service of the heart”

175
Q

Synagogue

A

derives from sunagogue, (Greek for “congregation” or “assembly”) is the center for worship and study

176
Q

Siddur

A

book containing daily prayers

177
Q

Mahzor

A

book containing festival prayer

178
Q

Kaabalah

A

Jewish mystical occult tradition, originally transmitted by the word of mouth; 10 emanation , draws in westerners

RELG 350 (4 decks)

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