Exam 3 - Islam and Judaism Flashcards
1
Q
Islam is an Arabic word for …
A
Submission
2
Q
A Muslim is someone who …
A
submits to Allah
3
Q
Islam, Islamic, Muslim came from the ________ root _____ meaning _______
A
Arabic; s l m; yield
4
Q
The essence of Islam is ….
A
Complete submission
5
Q
“ALLAH”, Arabic word for ..
A
“The God” ; The only one true God
6
Q
___________ is vital for Islam
A
Monotheism
7
Q
“Assalamu alaikum” or “Salaam Alaikum”
A
Peace be upon you; official Islamic greeting; used by the Prophet
8
Q
What happened to Muhammad’s mother, father? Who raised him?
A
father died before birth, mother died at six; Raised by uncle: Abu-Talib (clan leader)
9
Q
Muhammad grew up in _______ area of _________ ______
A
Pagan area; Saudi Arabia
10
Q
What did Muhammad do at 25?
A
He married Khadijah (wealthy widow), both sons died, 4 daughters [later had 11 more wives]
11
Q
What did Muhammad do at 40?
A
Muhammad began to receive visions & revelations from angel Gabriel
12
Q
How long does Muhammad’s visions and revelations lasts? What does it become?
A
23 years; Qur’an
13
Q
The pillar often adjacent to the mosques is called?
A
Minaret
14
Q
Muhammad’s message of monotheism met great opposition from __________ in _____
A
Pagan polytheist tribesman (esp. the merchants); Mecca
15
Q
Hijrah
A
622 AD - Muhammad fled from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina); marks the official beginning of Islam. The next 8 years, there was fighting within the Meccans
16
Q
Constitution of Medina
A
Muhammad united the many Arabian tribes
17
Q
Return to Mecca
A
630 AD, Muhammad returned with 10,000 soldiers
18
Q
Who was instructed to make the call to prayer for the city in Mecca?
A
Bilal (Muhammad’s African servant)
19
Q
What happened to the Kaaba after Muhammad’s return to Mecca?
A
The Kaaba is cleansed off, its 360 Pagan idols are destroyed
20
Q
When did Muhammad die?
A
632 AD
21
Q
Tawheed or Tawhid in Arabic means …
A
Oneness
22
Q
Tawheed refers to ….
A
unity - attributing Oneness to Allah and describing Him as being One and Unique, w/ no partner, peer or rivals in His Essence and Attributes
23
Q
Tawheed means …
A
knowing Allah is the One, w/ none like unto Him. Allah is indivisible, unique
24
Q
What is the core principle of universe in Islam and basis for monotheism?
A
Tawheed
25
What are the six basic beliefs of Islam?
Monotheism, Prophet, Qur’an, Judgement, Salvation
26
Islam emphatically asserts that Allah is ______
the one and eternal God; Lord and Creator of universe
27
Symbol of Islam is …
Crescent and Star
28
What does Islam think about The Trinity?
Totally rejects the idea of Trinity
29
2 Evidences of Allah’s existence?
Nature’s Order, Qur’an
30
Only Begotten (________)
Monogenes; mono - one, genes - kind AKA one of a kind :)
31
In Islam, what is Jesus’ role?
Jesus is a prophet (messenger); not Son of God; not divine (not Savior)
32
In terms of Prophets in Islam, Muhammad was ….
The last and greatest prophet (not Savior, example)
33
Although Muslims believe in many inspired boos (Torah, Psalms,, Gospels), only the Qur’an is …
the final, uncorrupted, revelation of God’s will; copy of eternal scriptures in heaven
34
Literal Inspiration
Qur’an in Arabic is exact words of God revealed to Muhammad. God’s perfect expression. Not one word of its 114 chapters (Suras) has been changed
35
What is the most memorized book in the world?
Qur’an
36
Qur’an was written down by ____ and compiled by ___
Zayd and others; 3rd Caliph
37
What are angels according to Muslims?
intermediary beings, made of light that works as God’s messenger
38
Gabriel (Islam)
The highest angel, angel of revelation
39
2 angel scribes record …
human good and bad deeds, thoughts and feelings
40
Jinn
not angels, but invisible creatures with free will, distorted into “genie”
41
On the Day of Judgement, …
all our actions in this life is judged by Allah; Allah will reward or punish us based on good or bad deeds. good -> heaven, bad -> hell
42
Salvation depends solely on _______
human merit (good works)
43
Islam rejects …
divine atonement, redemption or grace
44
InshaAllah
if God wills; affects all plans for future; may be distorted into fatalism
45
5 Pillars of Islam
Shahadah, Sholat, Fasting, Zakah, Pilgrimage
46
Shahadah
declaration of faith; “bearing witness”; “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad PBUH is his messenger”; Saying this publicly with conviction qualifies you to become a Muslim
47
Sholat (Prayer)
5x a day; facing Mecca; after ritual washing of hands (wudhu)
48
Immam
the prayer leader; leads in prostrations (bow to ground)
49
Muezzin
Muslim crier calling worshippers to pray in mosque
50
Islam’s holy day is _______ to be spent at ______
Friday; mosque for prayers/sermons
51
Sawn
fasting for month of Ramadhan (when Muhammad received Qur’an); refrain from eating/drinking anything during daylight hours for a month
52
Zakah (Charity)
Giving alms is required of all Muslims; 2.5% of income to poor; Human beings are caretakers of God’s wealth; doing business for good
53
Major concern of Qur’an is …
care of the poor
54
All muslims are required once in a lifetime to …
make pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj); includes two weeks of ceremonies and rituals; worshippers wear white garments to demonstrate equality before Allah
55
Kaaba
house of Allah, was a pagan shrine, a sacred black stone in Mecca; Abraham and Ishmael built an altar. Meteorite stone, came from heaven.
56
Eid Al-Fitr
at the end of Ramadhan, feast of thanksgiving
57
Eid al-Adha
annual festival of sacrifice. During this festival, Muslim sacrifice domestic animals as a symbol of Abraham’s faith. Meat is distributed among family
58
Mawlib an-Nabi
the birthday of the prophet
59
Sunnah
the beliefs and practices established by Muhammad; The second sacred source (and authority) in Islam after the Qur’an
60
Sunnah is the way …
Muhammad lived his life (the straight path)
61
Hadith
Multiple-volume collection of sayings or stories of Muhammad. Guidance for the most aspects of daily life
62
Hadith compared to the Qur’an?
influential but less authoritative than Qur’an
63
Sunni believes that successor to Muhammad should be …
chosen by election, not heredity.
64
Shi’a believes that successor to Muhammad should be …
one of Muhammad’s descendants
65
In terms of civil and religious authorities, Sunni believes …
seperation
66
Sunni’s beliefs and practices are based upon ____ and ______
Quran and Hadith (traditions)
67
About ___% of all Muslims are Sunni
85
68
Shi’a, also known as …
Shiat Ali (followers of Ali), minority of Muslim
69
Shi’a is a movement that began with …
martyrdom of Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law)
70
Shiites call their leaders _____
immam
71
Shiites believes that religious authorities should …
exercise religious and political power
72
The 12th Immam
“Twelver”, Shiites believe that in 869 in present day Iraq, God took the 12th Immam into hiding. He has never died and this Mahdi (messiah figure) will one day return and lead the world into justice and peace
73
The Caliphate
no appointed successor for Muhammad
74
First four caliphs were more like
kings
75
___ _____ chosen as caliph (successor, representatives)
Abu Bakr
76
Umayyid caliphate
Damascus, wealthy
77
Abbasid dynasty
Baghdad, richest & most tolerant, educated, valued, high point
78
Mamelukes
Turkey and Egypt - decline
79
Ottoman Turks - caliph
sultan, ended WW1
80
Suffi
minority, mystics of Islam. Practice simple of poverty and abstinence.
81
Suffi emphasizes …
the emotional & mystical aspects of devotion & worship
82
Nation of Islam
founded on 1930 in US by Wallace Fard Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad (2nd leader), Lewis Farrakhan (new leader)
83
Goal of Nation of Islam
improve African American lives through Islam.
| Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali
84
Jihad meaning
the struggle (for Islam) - a struggle in God’s path
85
Jihad occurs ___x in Qur’an and usually means …
41; striving in the way of God (for the cause of Islam), rarely but sometimes means war
86
only _____________ are Jihad
defensive battles to defend Islam
87
Jihad is also any …
personal/societal struggle to advance Islam.
88
Jihad, reward?
paradise
89
2016 Marrakesh Declaration
250 Muslim leaders (religious scholars and head of states) signed a 750 word document calling for religious freedom for non-Muslims. Muslim nations should protect Christians from persecution
90
Summer 2013, Aug 18, 2013
time of turmoil in Egypt, 60 churches were burned; Local SDA was protected by Muslims
91
Shari’a
the sacred law of Islam; based upon the Qur’an, Haddith & other Muslim religious writings and traditions. Shari’a covers every aspect of life
92
Fundmentalism (Shari’a)
demands radical implementation of Shari’a
93
Muslims are generally …
very family-oriented; abstain from pork, alcohol, etc; very much a part of a community of believers
94
Conversion from Islam to Christianity is very difficult because ….
it causes you to break with your family and community… your entire life.
95
Muslim objections to Christianity
1. God is one
2. Christ cannot be God
3. The Bible is full of errors
4. Islam is logical & simple
96
God is one [Muslim objections to Christianity]
the Trinity is blasphemous & does not make sense. God does not have sex or have a son.
97
Christ cannot be God [Muslim objections to Christianity]
a human being cannot be God. Illogical
98
The Bible is full of errors [Muslim objections to Christianity]
Qur’an is pure
99
Islam is logical & simple [Muslim objections to Christianity]
submit to one God and obey Him
100
Christian’s POV [Muslim objections to Christianity]
1. Christianity is monotheism, Trinity explains love
2. Incarnation - God became human
3. Compare simplicity of Qur’an and complexity of Bible. Bible is far more complex and reliable
4. Faith in God who is great will go beyond logic and involves mystery, complexity
101
Differences between Islam & Christianity
- The character of God in Islam emphasizes His justice but not His role as a loving Father
- Islam considers the Bible to be a corrupted revelation from God. Only the Qur’an is “pure truth”
- Islam does not accept the substitutionary atonement of Jesus
- Adventist Sabbath-keeping appears “Jewish”
- Rejection of the Trinity
102
What are “The Holy Books of Allah”?
Torah (Tawrah), Psalms (Zabur), Gospels (Injeel), Qur’an
103
What does Qur’an say about the Bible?
the law given to Moses was revealed by Allah.
| Gospels: guidance and admonition to those who fear Allah
104
Common ground (Islam and Christianity)
- Creation
- Conflict between God and Satan
- Fall of humanity
- Family values
- Stance on Zionism
- Health
- Belief that Jesus (Issa) is coming soon
105
Judaism’s focus and emphasis?
practice, how to live a righteous life. Making a difference in the world through a righteous life, as a moral example.
106
two categories of covenant in Judaism?
conditional (ex. David), unilateral: not mutual, the responsibility is on one side and privilege on the other (ex. the Flood)
107
a covenant has …
responsibilities and privilege
108
What is the central event (the heart & soul of Judaism)
The Exodus (14 BCE)
109
What happened in Sinai?
Law (Torah) & Tabernacle (sanctuary) - law and how to make it right.
[Sacrifice, Sanctuary, Priesthood, 10 Commandments, Legal Code, Ritual Purity Code]
110
Post-Sinai institutions
ark of the covenant & the tabernacle (tent of meeting)
111
Yawh
covenant God (obedience, joy, gratitude)
112
Priests
served in the temple (mediator between God & man)
113
Prophets
provide guidance & reproof to king & nation; concern for justice, poor, worship
114
When did Israel divide into 2 nations?
922 BCE
115
Israel was divided into 2 nations:
North (Israel) & South (Judah) - more faithful
116
Northern Kingdom taken captive by _______ in ______ BCE
Assyria; 722
117
Jerusalem destroyed by __________ in ______ BCE
Babylonian; 586
118
Diaspora
scattering of Judaism among the nation (6 BCE) - spreading seed
119
Role of Rabbi
master/teacher of synagogue (interpreter)
120
Jewish “chosenness” & “seperateness”?
Sabbath, Kosher, Circumcision, Clothing (fringe/border, Yarmulke)
121
Hellenezation
make it more like the Greeks
122
Post-exilic, those who stayed?
Samaritan
123
Maccabees
rebels army during Seleucid (Syria) rule - rejected Hellenization of Palestine - 2nd Cent. BC
124
Antiochus Epipahnes IV
Seleucid ruler (ban Torah, brought idols to the temple)
125
who are the key characters in Maccabees?
Matthias the Hasmonean & his son Judas
126
Maccabees means ______ and is a follower of _______
hammer; Judas M
127
Hasmonean Empire
164 BCE - 63 BCE
128
The revolt against Rome & destruction of Jerusalem
60-70 BCE
129
The Mishnah
200 BCE - collection of all commentary since Ezra
130
The Talmud
Mishnah + Gemarah (500) added commentary dealing with all aspect of Jewish life
131
Shabbatai Zei
Smyrna (Jewish leader, charismatic & popular) declares himself as Messiah; conflict, forced to move to Islam
132
Moses Mendelssohn
[German Jew] engage modern world
133
Baal Shem Tov (Hasidic movement)
return to simple faith
134
Reform Judaism
continuing liberalism within Judaism (no Talmud, no Messiah)
135
The Holocaust, some causes?
German racism, economic troubles, surge of nationalism
136
modern Zionism
movement to restore restore land of Islam, immigrants to Palestine
137
the nation of Israel
established in 1948
138
Orthodox Judaism
largest, oldest (traditional); preserve traditional Jewish cultures, religion, advocate following the Torah, Talmud, Hebrew
139
Reform Judaism
liberal, began in Europe & US. Emphasize modernism, worship at temple on Friday nights, local language, introduced choir and organ
140
Conservative Judaism
reaction to reform movement, emphasizes the study of scriptures, Sabbath worship; movement towards orthodox
141
Sabbath
no work on 7th day, celebration of creation, candles it, candles lit. (“Queen is coming”)
142
Passover
march/april, 8 days, celebrate the deliverance (seder meal - unleavened bread (matzot))
143
Feast of Weeks
Pentecost: 50 days after passover
1. Celebration of grain harvest
2. Receiving of 10 commandments in Mt. Sinai
144
Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year)
September/October, penitence leaading up to Yom Kippur [think about life] (Creation: 3760 BCE) Blowing Shofar - ram’s horn trumpet blown as a call of repentance
145
Yom Kippur
day of atonement: holiest day of the year; the day of penitence; fasting from food & work; time of redication
146
Purim
Festivals of Lots; a thanksgiving commemorating the victory of Esther over Haman
147
Yom Ha’atzmaut
A festival of independence, commemorating the return to Israel at 1948
148
Shavout
The Festival of Weeks commemorating God giving 10 Commandments to Moses and also the offering of the first fruits
149
Sukkoth
A seven-day harvest festival during which participants set up booths or tents to commemorate God’s care of Israelites in the wilderness
150
Chanukah
not biblical; 8 day Festival of Lights; celebrate victory oil in the temple didn’t run out. Celebrating Judah Maccabaeus over Syrians in 165 BCE
151
First Commonwealth
Moses (1450 BC) - Daniel (586 BC)
152
Second Commonwealth
Dest. of Jerusalem (586 BC) - Dest. of Temple (70 AD)
153
Third Commonwealth
Est. Israel (1948) - Present
154
Circumcision
8 day for baby
155
Synagogue’s essential things?
ark - holds Torah scrolls, lectern - from where they stand to preach, lamp
156
Shema
based on Deut 6:4 (“Hear O Israel, the Lord our God is One”)
157
Tefillin
Write on paper, put in box placed in head/arm; Deut 11:18
158
Mezuzah
Box on door post
159
Tallit
Prayer shawl (cover shoulders)
160
Skullcap
Yarmulke/Kippah [men] - identify as Jew
161
Hanukiah
9 candlestiks
162
Rabbi Harold Kushner (1935)
[Conservative] author of “When Bad Things Happen to Good People”; denies that God is omnipotent
163
Ladder of Observance
why? to do good, to be good, enhances humanity, life isn’t wasted, makes ordinary “holy”
164
Kosher
Lev 11 (Fish - fins, scales; Land - chew the dud, split hooves)
165
Amidab
a series of benedictions that use the formula “Blessed are you O God, King of the Universe”
166
Ideally, set prayers are recited in a _________, ________
minyan; a group of at least ten men
167
Messiah, meaning?
the anointed
168
Tanach
Jewish Bible, from T,N,K:
| Torah, Nebi’im, Ketubim
169
Torah
guidance and instruction [containts 613 commandments fundemental to Jewish life.]
170
Nebi’im
prophets
171
Ketubim
writings
172
In the beginning God created
Bereshith bara Elohim
173
Talmud
6th Jewish law book
174
Liturgy
prayer service; described as “the service of the heart”
175
Synagogue
derives from sunagogue, (Greek for “congregation” or “assembly”) is the center for worship and study
176
Siddur
book containing daily prayers
177
Mahzor
book containing festival prayer
178
Kaabalah
Jewish mystical occult tradition, originally transmitted by the word of mouth; 10 emanation , draws in westerners
