Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RELG 350 > Exam 1 - Basic Religion, Worldviews > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Basic Religion, Worldviews Flashcards

1
Q

What is a world view?

A

A set of presuppositions(assumptions) which we hold about the basic makeup of the world - James Sire (The Universe Next Door)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of World View?

A

Wholistic, Dynamic, Subjective, Shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wholistic

A

Big picture of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dynamic

A

In process, not static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subjective

A

Shaped by our personal emotions and experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shared

A

Other have a similar perspective; not just an individual outlook

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Test for worldview?

A

Correspondence (match reality?), Coherence (make sense, consistent?), Productivity (it works?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

7 Essential Questions?

A
  1. What is prime reality?
  2. What is nature of external reality?
  3. What is human being?
  4. What happens when a person dies?
  5. Why is it possible to know anything?
  6. How can we know what is right and wrong?
  7. What is the meaning of human life?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three Categories of World Views:

A

Theism, Pantheism, Naturalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Theism

A

The ultimate reality is an infinite, personal God. God is at the center.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The world of Theism is an _____ system

A

“open” - God is involved, active.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

God created the universe out of nothing. (__ ______)

A

Ex nihilo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to Theism, human beings are created in the image of God (_____ ___)

A

Imago dei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sin has ________

A

marred the image of God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to Theism, is there life after death?

A

Yes, (After the ressurection) there will be either eternity with God or eternal separation from God. (second death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epistemology (study of knowledge) according to Theism…

A

Human beings can think and choose because humans are created in the image of God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

According to Theism, ethics (right and wrong) is decided by …

A

God is the source of all good and the judge of good and evil. God’s word is the final standard of ethics.
The moral principles of scripture and conscience guide one’s ethics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Principle is…..

A

A moral guideline that is timeless and universal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Standard is……

A

An application of a principle to a specific situation/context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to Theism, is there moral absolutes?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

History according to Theists is _____, not ____

A

Linear, not cyclical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A deist is one who _____

A

believes in the existence of a god or a supreme being (at the beginning) but denies revealed (holy book) religion, basing his or her belief on nature and reason.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

According to Deism, God is a ______

A

“Watch maker God” - no longer involved and no longer intervenes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What system is the world according to Deism?

A

open at the beginning, closed system now.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

(Deism) How come the world is in closed system?

A

God established the laws of nature - the uniformity of cause and effect - world runs on its own. Human beings are part of the clockwork of the universe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

According to Deism, there is nothing supernatural in this world. Therefore ________ are not possible. Why?

A

Miracles, because it would require God to intervene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Is prayer significant to a Deist?

A

No, prayer is of little meaning since God is not involved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_____ ______ is primary. It is sufficient to discover truth in the world around us.

A

Human reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

According to Deism, Bible is a _________

A

good book but not inspired, revealed will of God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

John Lock (Deism) - 17th Century English Philosopher

A

“Divine rights of Kings” - God appoints Kings (the established way of life)
John Lock created “social contracts”- people choose the governor (Foundation of Democracy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Voltaire (Deism)

A

Reject Divine Rights of Kings and corruption. Protested..

“Universe is based on reason, not faith”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin (Deism)

A

were Christians because of Politics, made Jefferson’s bible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pantheism believes that _________

A

everything and everyone is divine. Nature is everything and the cosmos is divine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pantheism is a belief system that _________

A

equates divinity with the forces of the nature. Essentially nature is equivalent to the concept of god.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

2 Central Tenants of Pantheism:

A
  1. The cosmos is divine.
  2. The earth is sacred.

(The universe creates itself, maintains itself.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why are traditional religions unacceptable? (Pantheism)

A

Because they do not give priority to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Credo of World Pantheism Movement:

A

Deep reverence for self-organizing universe’s power & beauty.. Nature is all that exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Beginning of Life (Pantheism):

A

a divine essence (energy force) flows through all things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Chi

A

Two equal and opposing forces in the universe that balance each other. When these forces are in balance there’s harmony.

The cosmic force which flows through all things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

According to Pantheism, human beings …

A

have no souls, no life after death (no heaven/hell). Life is all there is and it’s a spiritual existence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pantheism’s Historical Background?

A

Roots in Persia, Babylon, Greece, Rome
Stoics: 4th Century BC - Zeus = totality of the material universe
Ancient India: many pantheistic and animistic ideas
Spinoza (late 17th Century Dutch/Jewish philosopher) wrote “Ethics” - father of modern pantheism.
Influenced by Taoism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Unitarianism, some Native American religions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pantheism celebrations:

A

Winter solstice, solar cycles, magic, Wicca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Star Wars (Pantheism):

A

training manual of Pantheism - George Lucas (producer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Richard Dawson (Pantheism)

A

The God Delusion (2006) - asserts pantheism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Idolatry

A

Worship of creation instead of The Creator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Spiritualism

A

Devil comes impersonating the dead, other beings… (pantheism opens the door to spiritualism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Transcendence

A

Idea of a supernatural/beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cultus

A

A system of beliefs and behaviors that define a religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Difference between religion and spirituality?

A

Religion has a social dimension (shared), always includes beliefs and behaviors.
Spirituality is a personal private matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Definition of Religion

A

A system of beliefs and behaviors (cultus) that directs a person towards transcendence and thus providing meaning and coherence to a person’s life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Two primary sources for info about origins religions:

A
  1. Contemporary Basic Religions (Prehistoric - understanding the past)
  2. Archeology (things)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Neandethral

A

125,000-30,000 B.C.

no written records, limited info.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Cro-magnon

A

30,000-7,000 B.C

no written records; cave paintings; Venus image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Neolithic

A

7,000-3,000 B.C.

evolution of agriculture & religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Friedrich Schleiermacher (19th Century German Theologian)

A

Religion begins in absolute dependence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Religion as Projection of Human Needs

A

Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Ludwig Feurbach

A

philosopher, the concept of God is the combination of idolized human traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Karl Marx (influenced by Feuerbach)

A

World view - class struggle leads to religion. (Upper class lets lower class has religion, sigh of the repressed)

59
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

“Oedipus Myth” - man hate their fathers and desire their mothers, and they feel guilty, therefore they created God the Father.

60
Q

Rudolf Otto

A

Religion as Encounter with Holy
1917 - wrote a book (Religion as Encounter with the Holy)
Religion can be traced back to humans becoming aware of the Holy

61
Q

Mysterium Tremendum

A

Mystery that invokes fear

62
Q

Mysterium Fascinosum

A

Mystery that attracts

63
Q

Religion as Symbolism

A

Mircea Eliade, Carl Jung

64
Q

Mircea Eliade (Romanian scholar)

A

“hierophany” - symbolic manifestation of the Holy

65
Q

Carl Jung (analytical psychologist)

A

Religion comes from images from human dreams

66
Q

Three basic assumptions of Religion:

A
  1. Religion can be understood by not accepting the reality of God
  2. Religion began in the primitive level and evolved to greater complexity
  3. Religion as practiced among the least developed cultures today is the closest to early religion
67
Q

Evolutionary Model (from Most Primitive to Most Advanced)

A

Mana, Animism, Polytheism, Henotheism, Monotheism, Atheism

68
Q

Mana

A

An awareness of the power.

The spiritual force that dominates the world.

69
Q

Bishop Cordington

A

Went to Milenisia, explained Mana

70
Q

Magic Theory (3 Stages in Development of Religion):

A

1st stage: Magic
2nd stage: Religion
3rd stage: Science

71
Q

Animism

A

World full of spirits

72
Q

Anima

A

Spirits

73
Q

Edward Tyler

A

“The next stage of after Mana is Animism”

74
Q

Herbert Spencer (1850’s)

A

“The gods of primitive are based on their dreams encounters w/ spirit of their dead ancestors/loved ones.”

75
Q

Spirits are finite, hence …

A

There’s limitation in their powers. Good at: knowing future

76
Q

Aim of animistic religion is to …

A

Maintain proper relationship with the spirits. Experts are called shaman, witch doctor, etc.

77
Q

Max Muller (Nature Worship theory) - studied religions of India

A

human beings developed their religions by looking/observing force of nature. (Nature as spirits)

78
Q

In polytheism, gods are …

A

Elevated finite spirits. The gods had specific tasks/functions. gods are superior and more powerful than human beings. Human beings must submit/worship.

79
Q

Pantheon of gods

A

The sum total of gods and goddesses for a particular religion

80
Q

Henotheism

A

Devotion to one god out of many.

81
Q

Henotheism is an interim stage between in ______ and ______

A

Polytheism and Monotheism

82
Q

Earliest monotheism?

A

Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) - [came from Egypt] advocated the worship of one god. The sun god.

83
Q

Atheism

A

Most logical. Abandon all needs for god.

84
Q

Critique of the Evolutionary Model?

A
  • has never been observed/discovered. No proof
  • no record of culture that fits the model.
  • many examples of cultures moving forward/backwards. Therefore no sequence
  • many examples of co-existing stages
85
Q

The Evolutionary Origins Model assumes that technological progress implies ____ ________

A

Tech morality

86
Q

Wilhelm Schmidt (early 20th century anthropologist)

A

Massif research - religion began w/ God, research in Asia, Europe and Africa.

87
Q

Variation of basic story line

A

Believed in a high God -> Crisis -> Disobedience [Rebellion] -> False Religion (animism, polytheism, …)

88
Q

Nine Characteristic Monotheism:

A
  1. There is one personal God
  2. God is referred to in masculine language
  3. God apparently lives in the sky
  4. God has great great and power
  5. God created the world
  6. God is the creator of good, judges evil. Judge of good evil
  7. Human beings are God’s creation and expected to obey God’s law
  8. By disobedience, human rebelled, an alienated from God
89
Q

Key ideas in Romans 1

A

Vivid description of Original Monotheism

90
Q

Three general perspective regarding other religions?

A

Pluralism, Relativism, Exclusivism

91
Q

Different Mission Perspectives?

A

Restrictivist, Universalist, Inclusivism

92
Q

10 Characteristic of Basic Religions

A
  1. Animism
  2. Magic
  3. Divination
  4. Taboo
  5. Totem
  6. Sacrifices
  7. Myth
  8. Rituals
  9. Rites of Passage
  10. Ancestor Veneratism
93
Q

Animism

A

Nature is alive with spirits

94
Q

Magic

A

Techniques used to manipulate spirits

95
Q

Fetish

A

Objects with magical abilities

96
Q

Divination

A

Predicting the future

97
Q

Taboo

A

Certain object must be avoided or the spirits will harm you

98
Q

Totem

A

Kinship that people feel for certain animal/things/… that represents them

99
Q

Sacrifices

A

gods are angry, the worshipper must bring something to appease the wrath of god.

100
Q

Myth

A

story that communicates the truth (often used to explain the mystical/unexplained)

101
Q

Rituals

A

Reenacting myth

102
Q

Rites of Passage (changes you)

A

Key transitional points

103
Q

Ancestor Veneratism

A

Dead ancestors can impact you, continues to live on.

104
Q

Two basic forms of Existentialism

A

Theistic existentialism, Atheistic existentialism

105
Q

Theistic existentialism

A

An extension or distortion of theism

106
Q

Atheistic existentialism

A

An extension of atheism

107
Q

Theistic existentialism was developed to solve …

A

The dead orthodoxy of mid 19th century Europe.

108
Q

Orthodoxy

A

Right beliefs

109
Q

Atheistic existentialism developed to solve the problem of …

A

naturalism that led to nihilism

110
Q

Definition of Existentialism

A

Existence precedes essence and human beings are totally free and responsible for their acts.

111
Q

The responsibility of acts is the source of

A

dread and anguish (guilt) that encompass mankind

112
Q

Existentialism regards human existence as ____________ and stresses _________ __ _____ as well as ______________

A

unexplainable, freedom of choice, personal responsibility for the consequences of one’s acts

113
Q

Existentialism seeks to ______ ________ in an absurd world

A

create meaning

114
Q

Basic Existentialism.
First a man or woman _________, then spends life changing his or her ______. In others words, we define ourselves by _____. Therefore _______ would indicate you have chosen to have __ _______.

A

exist, essence. Living. suicide. No meaning

115
Q

The cosmos is composed solely of _____ but to human beings _______ appears in two forms: ___ and ___

A

Matter, reality. Subjective and Objective

116
Q

(Pantheism) The objective world is the world of …

A

reality where logic and science rule.

117
Q

(Pantheism) The subjective world is the world of …

A

Mind (ideas, consciousness, choices, feelings)

118
Q

Nihilism is the belief that …

A

All values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.

119
Q

Friedrich Nietzsche on nihilism?

A

The corrosive effects of nihilism will eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history.

120
Q

Samuel Becket

A 
“Breath” play. Trash: cosmos is trash
3 stages:
- inhale = birth
- scream = life of pain
- exhale = death
121
Q

Douglas Adams

A

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy
Summary: deep thought, ultimate answer: 42, ultimate question: 6x9

Analysis: Life is meaningless. Question and answer don’t match up.

122
Q

Macbeth

A

Life is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing

123
Q

Albert Camus(nihilism)

A

The Myth of Sisyphus- pushing boulder up a hill all his life (he must be happy since he’s doing what’s required of him)

124
Q

Jorgen Multmann (nihilism)

A

Theology of Hope. “Nihilism gave me despair, Jesus gave me hope.” Hell is hopelessness

125
Q

Carl Sagan

A

Cosmos is all there is; was, and will be.

126
Q

Bertrand Russell

A

Human destiny is an episode between two oblivions

127
Q

Karl Marx on Marxism

A

Marxism is a logical extension of humanism

128
Q

Walter Lippman on Ethics in Naturalism

A

Ethics based on central agreements of great religious teachers

129
Q

Dangers of world view?

A

Oversimplifications, Neglecting Individuality

130
Q

Three main eras for Western Worldview

A

Pre-modern era, Modern era, Postmodern era

131
Q

Premodern ended with … characteristics?

A

French Revolution,

God exists. Truth exists. Both are real.

132
Q

French Revolution. (__ - ___)?

A

1789-1799
“Dawn of Modern Era”
Challenged the authority of monarch and church
Exalted human rights and reason

133
Q

Modern Era’s characteristics?

A

(French Revolution - 1960’s)
Humanity is progressing through science and reason
Belief in objective truth
Belief in proportional truth (don’t just believe, proof)
The secular action of the world

134
Q

Postmodernism in depth?

A

(1960s-?)
Difficult to define; various disciplines
Transitional period (void) - a worldview “in process”
- western world in transition ~ not sure what will be
Belief in “unsecularization” of the world
Movement towards spiritual things

135
Q

Characteristics of Postmodernism?

A
  1. Decline of the West
  2. Deconstructionism
  3. Relativism
  4. Pluralism
136
Q

Decline of the West, meaning?

A

Decline interest in western religions and institutions
Increase interest in Eastern religions and way of life
Decline of western culture and art

137
Q

Deconstructionism, meaning?

A

Involves taking apart texts (like onions)
Seeks to examine a text from all possible perspective
Rejects the concept of the objective meaning or interpretation of a text

138
Q

Relativism, meaning?

A

There is no absolute truth. All interpretations are relative.
Postmodernism rejects either scientific or religious truth
Meaning comes from relativism, experience and tolerance
Tolerance is KEY attitude. Belief in ultimate values is the WORST attitude

139
Q

Pluralism, meaning?

A

There is a diversity of truth but not empirical truth
All the positive elements of various religions are “true” to those who believe them
Truth is just truth for me… may not be truth for you
Pluralism is rooted in relativism. Doctrine is expressive not normative

140
Q

Postmodernism’s most important value:

A

Illegitimate tolerance - all POV is true, no objective truth. Tolerance as moral weakness

141
Q

Contrast between modernism and postmodernism

A

Modernism: Design, Hierarchy, Creation of art & literature, Classification & systemization, interpretation, narrative

Postmodernism: Chance, Anarchy, Process & Performance art, Anti-system & Individuality, Against interpretation, Anti-narrative

142
Q

Positives of Postmodernism

A

Rejection of dry orthodoxy & passionless faith. LIVED faith
Inclusion of feelings and emotions in matters of faith
Values symbols and meanings
Centrality of Relationship

143
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Disharmony/conflict between what we believe and how we’re acting

RELG 350 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions