Exam 3 - Genes and TMJ Pathologies Flashcards
What two objectives does personalized medicine target?
- genetic variations that cause disease
- environment factors that enhance disease (i.e., diet, activity, aging, behaviours)
What are complex traits?
most diseases, like cancer hypertension and coronary artery disease that occur from the interaction of:
- individual genetic variability
- environmental conditions
What is the difference between a gene mutation and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
SNP = variation in DNA sequence for a single nucleotide (A, T, C, G) on paired chromosomes (NOT MUTATIONS)
mutation = permanent alteration in DNA sequence that makes up a gene that differs from what is found in most people
*mutations will cause a disease but a SNP just increases your chance of a disease
What are internal derangements?
- mechanical fault that interferes with the smooth action of a joint
- most common is disc displacement
non-inflammatory focal degenerative disorder of synovial joints, primarily affecting articular cartilage and sub-condylar bone; initiated by deterioration of articular soft-tissue cover and exposure of bone
osteoarthritis
inflammation of synovial membrane characterized by edema, cellular accumulation, and synovial proliferation (villous formation)
arthritides
fibrous or bony union between joint components
ankyloses
If you substitute a methionine for valine at 158, what occurs?
- 4 fold decrease in COMT enzyme activity
- diminished mu-opioid system responses to pain
- higher sensory and affective ratings of pain and negative affective state
What is a haplotype?
- group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent
- haploid = cells with only one set of chromosomes
- genotype = genetic makeup of an organism
What is the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD?
the clinical research classification for TMD
What is the most important risk factor for developing TMD?
if patient has other comorbid conditions with pain
Describe the three clusters in the OPPERA study and how they feel pain.
- adaptive cluster –> buffer pain well and don’t typically report pain
- sensitive cluster –> heightened sensitivity to pain
- global systems cluster –> both greater pain sensitive & greater psychological distress
*difficult to manage pain symptoms
Can you do a simple clinical examination of movement and mobility of the TMJ and have any sort of certainty if a patient will report pain or not?
No
Did the OPPERA study find a large number of genes associated with TMJ pain and pain perception or a small number?
a very small number (only 5 or 6)
In order to get the clinical development and diagnosis of painful TMD, what two things must occur?
INTERMEDIATES
1. high psychological distress
2. high state of pain amplification
What is the most common genetically associated pain disorder?
migraine
