Exam 3 EQs Flashcards
Ostpolitik
III. Events after 1961
A: Rise of the SPD in West Germany, 1969-82 - Willy Brandt
- SPD was Socialist Democratic party
- Willy Brandt was first SPD Chancellor
- Christian Domocratic Union was previously dominant
- Willy Wants to shift German Foriegn policy to try and unite Germany
B: Will Brandt and Ostpolitik
- Brandt worried East and West Germany would drift apart and reunify would be impossible
1: Erich Honecker, East Germany 1971
- Second and last leader of East, Makes deal with West to get better trade
2: Basic Treaty, 1972
- Both Countries Recognize each other
- Allows UN to recognize them as well now
- Trade with West Germany brought in hard currency
Yalta Confrence
A: Yalta Conference, February 1945; “Big Three”
- Decide future of Germany decided by Russia, Britian, and US
1: Agreement of Coalition of Governments in Liberated Europe
- All countries freed from Nazi occupation could choose own gov
- Stalin agreed but forced countries under communist control to be commies
2: German Occupation Zones - Berlin
- Divied into three at first and France gets a peice later out of US
- Berlin: Winston and FDR dont trust Stalin and divide Berlin as well
- Idea is to keep stalin from forming communist East Germany
3: German Reparations
- Stalin want Reparations, US and Britian do not
- Deccide to deal with it later at Potsdam
Reunification of Germany
VI. Krenz comes into power promising change
A: Fall of Berlin Wall - Tear down to allow for travel between
B: Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West - fast reunification
1: Elections of East - Free and Fair Communism never wins again
2: Demonstrations for Reunification - East Germans want to scrap gov and join West
3: Collapse of East Regime - Stassi Headquarters shut down
4: Currency Union - Save economy, trade East Marks for West Marks
C: Two-Plus-Four Talks - settle WW2, Need US,SU,EG,WG to agree reunification is best, West Germany offer billions in aid to SU to support and they cant say no.
D: Keep the West German Constitution even though it was temp
Revolutions In East Germany
V.Revolutions
A. Weakness of SU - 1/2 economy of US but 3x Military Spending
1: End of Soviet Intervention - No longer can support Communism outside SU, withdrawl of Brezhnev Doctrine
2: Democratization of Poland and Hungary - Poland instantly become democracy, Hungary does not but opens it’s borders to Austria
B: Effects of Hungary’s Decision on East Germany; Travel ban to West is lifted because so many people are traveling to Hungary to cross border into Austria
C: Mass demonstrations in East and Erich Honecker; East begin protesting communis
1: Leipzig Deomonstration; largest by far cannot be ignored
2: SED Replace Honecker; Honecker wanted to masacre protestors, Politburo oust him. Replaced by Krenz.
Nazi Invasion of SU leads to Defeat
III. Operation Barbarosa; After Battle of Britian
A: German Vs. SU; 3 large prongs invade; Hitler has bad info, 120 German Divisions Vs 120 SU (Actually 320); SU tanks stronger than Hitler’s
B: German declaration of war on US; Meant to free up Naval Commanders in North Atlantic; Thought SU would be finished quick, oops its winter
C: Battle for Stalingrad; Hitlers first major defeat
- 200k men to insult Stalin, SU reinforces to waste German resources
- all 200k get trapped, 90k taken prisoner
D. Battle of Kursk; German attempt to pinch 1.3mil men
- SU spys relay plan and it will fail
- SU outnumber Germany, (tanks and artillary too)
- after this Nazi playing defense for 2 years
E. Defeat of Nazi; D-day and Normandy
- US, Canada, Britian liberate France and attack Germany
- SU would have won alone, but this way Stalin is in check
German Military Victories
II. Blitzkrieg - Go fast, tanks and Airplanes weaken defenses
A: Polish Campaign - New German tanks and planes beat old Polish versions in 2 weeks
B: Britain, France Phoney War - ~93 divisions on German Border to scare Hitler into backing down, it doesnt work.
C: German Invasion of Norway and Denmark; North Atlantic foot hold and Airstrips in range of Britian; Churchill comes to Power
D: German Conquest of Low Countries; Invade Belgium and Netherlands to look like Schliffen plan > France falls for it > Germany invade from south and force troops out at Dunkirk
- Vishy Republic in southern France (facist)
E. Battle of Britian - Hitler cannot invade by water, fight in the air
1: Luffwaffe vs RAF - Luf is larger than RAF, Luf only has medioum range bombers
- RAF pick them off making it a losing battle for Hitler
2: London Blitz - attempt to bomb London all night, doesnt work becuase of British Radar seeing it coming
Early Territorial Expansion
III. Early Expansion
A: Annex Austria; Austrian Gov lets Hitler in
B: Czech and Sudetenlands - Czech wont give it up ask for Help
1: Brit Neville Chamberlan - takes Hitler at his word and lets him have sudetenlands
2: Munich Pact - Height of Appeasement Policy, Seals Sudetenland deal
3: German Conquest of Czech - Hitler threatens to level Prague if not join him, Czech give in
C: Hitler’s Designs for Poland - Danzig has large German Minority Pop
1: France, Britian, SU
- will have to stop Hitler
- France and Britian dont want to ally with SU because Stalin
- Poland doesnt want Stalins help
2: Nazi - Soviet Noaggression pact - Stalin allies with Hitler to stop Hitler from Invading him next, Divides Poland Between them
3: French and British are shcoked, didnt think they would ally
4: Germany and Russia invade Poland a week later dividing it in 2.
German Foriegn and Military Policy
II. Foreign Policy
A. Hitlers Goals - Lebensraum, Become self sufficient
1: Annex Austria
3: Czech and Poland - Need these to get to SU
4: Conquer Russia - Ukraine Grain feilds, other resources
B: Rearmament - Not stoppedd because Weimar did it too
C: Hitler Remilitarize Rhine - Germany Invading itself not good reason for war
D. Spanish Civil War - Hitler sends troops to gain experience and help facism
- Ally with Musilini after this
E. German Alliance with Japan - Both enemies of Russia, too far to be threat
F. Hitler Reorganizes army - Hitler commander in chief so army cannot remove him
