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Concepts in medical science > Exam 3: DNA Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 3: DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

virus undergoes multiple rounds of replication which result in death of host cell which is used as “factory” for virus production/replication –> immune response eventually “wins” –> viral clearance

A

acute infection

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2
Q

influenza and rhinovirus are examples of what type of infections

A

acute

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3
Q

after acute infection, instead of host cell lysis, virus enters a dormant phase inside host cells; it is inactive; usually not detectable; BUT CAN REACTIVATE AND REULT IN RECURRENT INFXN

A

latent

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4
Q

hsv-1 and hsv-2 are examples of what type of infection

A

latent

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5
Q

following acute infection, some viruses are able to be released from infected host cells without death of host cell or even overt cellular injury –> low level of virus is produced with little or no damage to target tissue (virus is detectable in tissue samples, mulitplying at a slow rate; symptoms mild or absent until eventually immune system is overwhelmed)

A

chronic

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6
Q

hiv, hep b and hep c are examples of what types of infections

A

chronic

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7
Q

some viruses carry an oncogene and incorporate it into human DNA when the virus infects the cells

A

oncogenic

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8
Q

some can turn on a human oncogene when the virus infect the cell; some have the ability to stimulate unlimited cell growth

A

oncogenic

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9
Q

examples of oncogenic viruses

A

ebv-burkitt’s lymphoma, HPV-cervical cancer, hep b-hepatic carcinoma

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10
Q

several viruses can cross the placenta causing permanent congenital defects

A

teratogenic

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11
Q

examples of teratogenic viruses

A

rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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12
Q

portal of entry for molluscipoxvirus

A

direct skin to skin contact and fomites

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13
Q

how can moluscipoxvirus be spread?

A

by itching

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14
Q

molluscipoxvirus fill the

A

cytoplasm of infected epithelial cells causing the molluscum body

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15
Q

what type of infection is molluscipoxvirus?

A

chronic

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16
Q

produce eruptive skin pustule called pocks or pox, that leaves SCARS upon healing (POCKMARKS)

A

Molluscipoxvirus

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17
Q

molluscipoxvirus causes

A

molluscum contagiosum

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18
Q

largest and most complex of the animal viruses

A

molluscipoxvirus

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19
Q

chronic infection of the SKIN; AXILLAE AND TRUNK most commonly infected

A

molluscipoxvirus – molluscum contagiosum

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20
Q

manifests as FLESH COLORED, DOME SHAPED PAPULES WITH CENTRAL UMBILICATION OR INDENTATION (UMBILICATED CENTER!!)

A

mollluscum contagiosum

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21
Q

common disease in childhood but in adults is commonly an STD appearing on the thighs and genital areas

A

molluscum contagosum

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22
Q

when it is a sexually acquired infection, the skin eruption takes the form of small WAXY PAPULES in the genital region

A

molluscum contagiosum

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23
Q

molluscum contagiosum can become giatn molluscum in what pts

A

in hiv/aids pts – the virus forms tumor-like growths that can become widespread

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24
Q

multiply in the cytoplasm in the “factory” areas on the host cell, and appear as inclusion bodies

A

molluscum contagiosum

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25
hsv 1 and 2 portal of entry
direct exposure for secretions containing the virus
26
what are the most significant source of transmission of hsv 1 and hsv 2
active lesions
27
t/f genital herpes can be transmitted in the absence of lesions
true
28
hsv 1 and 2 infect what type of cells?
mucoepithelial cells than moves to sensory ganglia
29
HSV1 enters the
trigeminal ganglia
30
when various provocative stimuli cause HSV 1 to reactivate, it migrates back to the skin surface by the
mandibular, maxillary, or ophthalmic branch
31
HSV 2 enters the
dorsal root or sacral ganglia
32
herpes virus types of infection
latency
33
herpes viral DNA enters into the nucleus
of the host where it becomes an extrachromosal particle
34
multinucleated giant cells
hsv 1 hsv 2
35
multinucleated giant cells from hsv 1 or hsv2 can be seen from a direct smear called
Tzanck smear prepared from the base of a lesion
36
usually causes facial, optic, or oropharyngeal lesions
hsv 1
37
herpes labialis
hsv 1
38
when does the hsv 1 primary infection occur?
early childhood (97% have antibodies to it bc of a cold sore as kid)
39
fever blisters, cold sores that itch and tingle prior to a veiscle forming and lesion crusting over
herpes labialis
40
tender, itchy papules erupt on the perioral region and progress to vesicles that burst, drain, and scab over --> THEY ARE HIGHLY INFECTIOUS
herpes labialis
41
common first episode or primary HSV 1 infection of oropharynx in children
herpetic gingivostomatitis
42
painful vesicular lesions of gums, tongue, soft palate, buccal mucosa with fever and malaise; SEVERE MOUTH PAIN
herpetic gingivostomatitis
43
tx of herpetic gingivostomatitis
magic mouth
44
severe sore throat, lymphadenopathy, pharyngeal edema, painful oropharyngeal vesicular lesions
herpetic gingivostomatitis
45
ocular herpes
herpetic keratitis
46
gritty feeling in the eye, blurry vision, sharp pain, sensitivity to light, and discharge; characteristic dendritic lesions on exam; can lead to blindness
herpetic keratitis
47
usual cause of lesions on the genitalia
hsv 2
48
is one of the most common viral stds in the us
hsv 2
49
what does hsv 2 cause
genital herpes -- herpes genitalia
50
starts with malaise, fever, and tender inguinal lyphadenopathy --> then clusters of sensitive, PAINFUL, vesicles form on the genitalia or perineum; also associated with dysuria and pruritis; vesicles will ulcerate before healing
genital herpes -- herpes genitalia
51
recurrent bouts of herpes genitalia often caused by
menstruation, stress, and concurrent bacterial infection
52
bw: grouped vesicles on erythematour base
hsv 2 - genital herpes
53
vesicles start out separated, but become confluent and ulcerate into painful red erosision so tender that inspect is difficult
genital herpes -- herpes genitalia
54
which type of herpes causes herpes of the newborn
HSV 1 AND HSV 2
55
infection of herpes of the mouth, skin, eyes in neonate and fetus has what percentage neonate
30%
56
infection of cns by herpes in baby
80% mortality rate
57
HSV 1 or HSV2 can penetrate a break in the skin and cause a localized infection; usually on one finger; gradually heal over 2-3 weeks without therapy
herpetic whitlow
58
rare complication of hsv1 infection but most common sporadic form of viral encephalitis in the US
HSV1 encephalitis
59
what causes chicken pox (varicella)
varicella-zoster virus
60
what is the primary infection of varicella zoster virus
chicken pox - variecella
61
incubation period of chicken pox (varicella)
10-20 days then fever and rash develops
62
rash progresses from macules to itchy vesicles and spreads all over the body (MACULAR --> POPULAR --> VESICLE)
chicken pox (varicella)
63
chicken pox (varicella) enters the
sensory ganglia or dorsal root ganglia and then remains latent until event triggers reactivation
64
vaccine of chicken pox
live, attenuated vaccine
65
bw: dew drop on a rose petal
chicken pox (varicella)
66
virus travels back down the sensory nerve to the skin --> vesicles are localized to distinctive dermatome
shingles (herpes zoster)
67
pain the same area often precedes the appearance of vesicles by about 48 hours (prodromal pain)
shingles (herpes zoster)
68
vaccine for shingles
shringritz
69
acute pain & redness, followed by a vesicular papular rash that does not cross the midline
shingles (herpes zoster)
70
how is the varicella-zoster virus transmitted
respiratory droplets and contact with fluid from lesions
71
when are people with the varicella zoster virus most infectious
1-2 days prior to development of the rash
72
produce giant cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions called "owl's eyes"
cytomegalovirus
73
how is cmv transmitted
saliva, respiratory mucus, milk, urine, semen, cervical secretions and feces
74
many infections are asymptomatic but ____ mononucleosis-type syndrome can occur in adults; characterized by fever and lymphocytosis
CMV
75
CMV has 3 groups that develop a more virulent form of disease
fetuses, newborns, immunodeficient adults
76
newborns may exhibit enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, capillary bleeding, microcephaly, and ocular inflammation --> death can occur in a few days to a few weeks --> babies who survive develop neurological sequelae; hearing, visual disturbances and mental retardation
CMV
77
HHV-4
epstein barr virus
78
infects lymphoid tissue and salivary glands
EBV
79
EBV transmission
direct oral contact and contamination with saliva
80
what is responisble for infectious mononucleosis?
epstein-barr virus
81
sore throat, high fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, white exudate; up to 50 day incubation but many causes asymptomatic
Infectious mono caused by EBV
82
what is suspected as a trigger for MS
infectious mono
83
dx of infectious mono
different blood count shows lymphocytosis, neutropenia and LARGE ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES
84
large atypical lymphocytes
infectious mono
85
burkitt lymphoma caused by
EBV
86
burkitt lymphoma
b cell malignancy
87
nasopharyngeal carcinoma caused by
EBV
88
malignancy of epithelial cells
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
89
Human herpes virus 6 transmission
close contact
90
what causes roseola infantum
human herpes virus 6
91
acute febrile disease common in fants and oddlers under 2 years (the most common febrile disease in young babies)
roseola infantum
92
begins with high fever (103 to 104) for 3-4 days; as fever resolves a pink MACULOPAPULAR RASH appears on the trunk adn extremities
roseola infantum
93
what is a major cause of infantile febrile seizures
roseola infantum caused by HHV-6
94
immunocomporomised individuals who get HHV-6 are at significant risk for
encephalitis, pneumonitis
95
an inflammatory disease of liver cells that may result from several viruses; interferes with liver's excretion of bile pigments, bilirubin accumulates in blood and itssues causing jaundice
hepatitis
96
what group is hepatitis b in
hepadnaviruses
97
is hepatisi b an enveloped or nonenveloped dna virus
enveloped
98
hep b has a tropism for
the liver
99
multiplies exclusively in the liver, which continously seeds blood with viruses
hep b
100
minute amounts can transmit infection
hep b
101
50% of cases in U.S. are sexually transmitted
hepatitis b
102
t/f hep b can become a chronic
true
103
chronic phase vignette of hep b
jaundice, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure
104
virus enters through break in skin or mucous membrane or by injection into bloodstream --> reaches liver cells, multiplies, releases viruses into blood; average 7 week incubation--> most exhibit few overt symptoms or experience malaise, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea lasting a few days to a few weeks --> 10% develop chronic infection and can lead to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatitis b
105
passive immunization for hep b
HBIG for persons exposed or possibly exposed (including neonates born to infected mothers)
106
primary prevention of hep b
vaccination
107
adenovirus is___ _____
non-enveloped
108
how many types of adenoviruses are associated with human disease?
30
109
what causes the common cold (URI)
adenovirus
110
infects lymphoid tissue, respiratory and intestinal epithelia and conjunctiva
adenovirus
111
adenovirus is spread by
respiratory and ocular secretions
112
URIs, conjunctivitis, keratoconjuncitivitis, gastroenteritis, pharyngitis (late winter/early spring)
adenovirus
113
adenovirus vaccine
only for military personnel
114
HPV is caused by
papovavirus
115
benign, squamous epithelial growth, wart or verruca
papilloma
116
common warts on fingers & skin
HPV
117
plantar warts on soles of feet
HPV
118
genitla warts -- prevalent STD
HPV
119
lesions are SKIN COLORED OR PINK and cauliflower appearance
human papillomavirus -- condylomata acuminata
120
most common viral std in the us
HPV
121
HPV transmission
direct contact or contaminated fomites
122
what types of hpv account for 90% of genital warts?
6 and 11
123
how many hpv types increase the risk for developing reproductive CA
9
124
HPV types __ and __ are the most commonly isolated in patients with cervical cancer
16, 18
125
infection leads to cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear enlargement --> abnormal cells are called KOILOCYTES -- they are pathognomic for
HPV

Concepts in medical science (7 decks)

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