Exam 3- Disease And Disorder Terminology

Question 1

Candidiasis

Answer 1

Infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus Candida albicans. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. Esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Question 2

Carbuncle

Answer 2

Skin infection composed of a cluster of boils (furuncle, see below) caused by staphylococcal bacteria.

Question 3

Cellulitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and fever

Question 4

Contusion

Answer 4

Injury with no break in the skin, characterized by redness, swelling, and discoloration (also called a bruise)

Question 5

Eczema

Answer 5

Noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching

Question 6

Fissure

Answer 6

Slit or cracklike sore in the skin

Question 7

Furuncle

Answer 7

Painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (also called a boil)

Question 8

Gangrene

Answer 8

Death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (a form of necrosis)

Question 9

Herpes

Answer 9

Inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Many types of herpes exist. Herpes simplex, for example, causes fever blisters; herpes zoster, also shingles, is characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus (see Table 4-1, p. 106)

Question 10

Impetigo

Answer 10

Superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci (see Table 4-1, p. 106)

Question 11

Infection

Answer 11

Invasion of pathogens in body tissue. An acute infection may remain localized if the body’s defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic (see sidebar p. 157). A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body. (See sepsis, p. 406.)

Question 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 12

Cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes as internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS (see Figure 4-4, E).

Question 13

Laceration

Answer 13

Torn, ragged-edged wound

Question 14

Lesion

Answer 14

Any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors.

Question 15

MRSA infection

Answer 15

Invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics. It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the the general population.

Question 16

Pediculosis

Answer 16

Invasion into the skin and hair by lice

Question 17

Psoriasis

Answer 17

Chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

Question 18

Rosacea

Answer 18

Chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years (Figure 4-6) (also called acne rosacea)

Question 19

Scabies

Answer 19

Skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papules eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by severe itching (see Table 4-1, p. 106).

Question 20

Scleroderma

Answer 20

Disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs.

Question 21

Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA)

Answer 21

Malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, there is a significant potential for metastasis. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight (see Figure 4-4, B).

Question 22

Tinea

Answer 22

Fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails. Infections are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body), and tinea pedis (foot). Tinea in general is also called ringworm, and tinea pedis specifically is also called athlete’s foot (see Table 4-1, p. 106).

Question 23

Urticaria

Answer 23

Itchy skin eruption composed of wheals (an individual hive) of varying sizes and shapes. Idiopathic urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine, or other agents. Urticaria reaction can include swelling of the airways that can be a medical emergency. Other causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, and genetic disorders (also called hives) (see Table 4-2, p. 123).

Question 24

Vitiligo

Answer 24

White patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders (Figure 4-7).

Question 25

Abrasion

Answer 25

Scraping away from the skin by mechanical process or injury

Question 26

Abscess

Answer 26

Localized collection of pus

Question 27

Albinism

Answer 27

Congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

Question 28

Pachyderma

Answer 28

Thickening of the skin

Question 29

Paronychia

Answer 29

Diseased state around the nail. (Exercise Figure C).