Exam 3 Cram Flashcards
How many DOF do the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges have, and what kind of joint?
1 degree of Freedom (Flex/Ext of the toes), it is a hinge joint
How many DOF do Metatarsal Phalangeal joints have, and what kind of joint?
2 degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext) (Abd/Add), it is a condular joint.
How many DOF do Intertarsal joints have, and what kind of joint?
Zero degrees of freedom, it is a gliding joint.
How many DOF do the Subtalor joints have, and what kind of joint is it?
1 degree of freedom (Inv/Eversion of the foot), it can either be a pivot or hinge joint.
How many DOF does the Talocrural Joint (ANKLE) have, and what kind of joint is it?
1 degree of freedom (DORSI/PLANTAR), it is a hinge joint.
How many DOF does the Tibiofibular joint have, and what kind of joint is it?
Zero degrees of freedom, they are syndesmotic joints.
How many DOF does the Patellatibular joint have, and what kind of joint is it?
Zero Degrees of freedom, it is a gliding joint.
How many DOF does the Tibiofemoral joint have, and what kind of joint is it?
Two degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext) and (IN ROT/EX ROT), it is a condular joint
How many DOF does the Hip joint have, and what kind of joint is it?
3 degrees of freedom (Hip Flex/ext, Abd/Add, IN ROT/EX ROT), it is a ball and socket joint.
What muscles will invert the Subtalor joints?
Gastroc, Soleus, Plantaris, Tib Pos, Flexor Hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tib Ant
What muscles will evert the Subtalor joints?
Peroneus Longus, Brevis, and Tertius
What MTCs will cause torque to plantar flex in the Talocrural joint?
Gastroc, soleus, plantaris, Post Tib, Flexor Hallucis longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Longus, and Brevis.
What MTCs will cause torque to dorsiflex in the Talocrural jount?
Tib Ant, Extensor Hallicus Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, and Peroneus Tertius.
What MTCs will cause torque to extend the tibiofemoral joint?
Rec Fem, Vast Med, Vast Lat, and Vas Inter (Quads)
What MTCs will cause torque to flex the tibiofemoral Joint?
Bic Fem, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, and Gastro, Gracillis, Sartorius, and Popliteus.
What MTCs will cause torque to internally rotate the tibiofemoral Joint?
Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Gracillis, Sartorius, and Popliteus
What MTCs will cause torque to externally rotate the tibiofemoral joint?
Bicep Fem
What MTCs will cause torque to extend the hip joint?
Glut Max, Bic Fem, Semimem., Semitend., and adductor magnus
What MTCs will cause torque to flex the hip joint?
Ilacus, Psoas Major, Rec fem, Sartorius, Tensor Fascia Latae
What MTcs will cause torque to adduct the hip joint?
Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and Gracillis
What MTCs will cause torque to abduct the hip joint?
Glut Medius, Tensor Fascia Latae, and Glut Minimus
What MTCs will cause torque to ER the hip joint?
Glut Max, Piriformis, Glut Med, and Sartorius
What MTCs will cause torque to IR the hip joint?
Pectineus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, and TFL
What are the external forces when lifting?
Gravity and Intertial Forces
A deeper squat will do what to the moment arms?
Will create larger moment arms and require more torque on joints
How does trunk positioning relate to moment arms?
The upright position will dec moment arm at the hip, inc at the knee, and dec at the ankle.
What are the two rules for lifting safely?
Keep load close to spine and keep curves of spine
What are the three ways to pick something up from the ground?
Squat (Cost most energy), Stoop (Deadlift), and Golfer’s Pick up (For lighter loads)
What joints is the functional spinal unit made up of?
Interbody Joint and the right/left zygapophysial (FACET) joint
The regional differences and spinal mobilities are more responsible for what joint?
Facet Joints
What are the motions of the thoracolumbar spine?
Flex, Ext, Lateral Flex and bending, Rotation
What are the motions of the craniocervical spine?
Flexion, Ext, and rotation
What makes up the shoulder complex?
SC Joint, AC Joint, Glenohumeral Joint, and Scapularthoracic articulation
How many DOF does the SC joint have and what kind of joint is it?
Has two degrees of freedom (Elevation/depression) (Protraction/Retraction), saddle joint
How many DOF does the AC joint have and what kind of joint is it?
It has one degree of freedom (Upward/Downward rotation of scapula), gliding joint
What type of motion does the Scapulothoracic articulation have?
Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, downward rotation of thorax, or upward rotation of thorax.
How many DOF does the Glenohumeral joint have and what kind of joint is it?
It has three degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Abd/Add, IR/ER), Ball and socket joint
What makes up total shoulder motion?
Glenohumeral joint motion and scapulothoracic motion.
What are the 3 different types of arm elevation?
Flexion, Scaption, and abduction
What makes up the Elbow complex?
Humeralradial joint and Humeralulnar joint
How many DOF does the Elbow complex have and what kind of joint is it?
1 Degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext) Hinge joint
How many DOF do the Radioulnar joints have and what kind of joint is it?
1 Degrees of freedom (Pronation/Supination) Pivot Joint
How many DOF do the Wrist complex have and what kind of joint is it?
2 degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Radial Deviation/Ulnar Deviation) Condular Joint
How many DOF do the Carpometacarpal and Intercarpal joints have and what kind of joint is it?
Zero degrees of freedom, gliding joint
How many DOF does the first 1st CMC joint (THUMB) have and what kind of joint is it?
2 Degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Abd/Add), Saddle joint
How many DOF do the MCP (Fingers) joints have and what kind of joint is it?
2 degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Abd/add), Saddle joints
How many DOF do the interphalangeal joints have and what kind of joint is it?
1 Degree of freedom (Flex/Ext), Pivot Joint
What MTCs act on the Scapulothoracic Articulation (SC+AC joint motion)
Protraction - Serratus Anterior
Retraction - Mid Trap, Rhom, Low Trap
Elevation - Up Trap, Lev Scap, Rhom
Depression - Low Trap, Pec Minor, Subclavius
Upward Rotation - Serratus Anterior, Up Trap, Low Trap
Downward Rotation - Rhom, Pec minor
What MTCs act on the Glenohumeral Joint?
Flexion - Ant Delt, Pec Major, Coracobrachialis, and biceps brachii
Extension - Lats, Teres Major, Post Delt
Abduction - Supraspinatus, Ant Delt, Mid Delt
Adduction - Lats, Teres Major, Pec Major
IR - Pec Major, Lats, Teres Major, Subscapularis
ER - Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
What MTCs act on the Elbow complex?
Extension - Triceps and Anconeus
Flexion - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis
What MTCs act on the radioulnar joint?
Supination - Biceps brachii, Supinator, Brachioradialis
Pronation - Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus, and Brachioradialis
What MCTs act on the Wrist complex?
Flexion - Extension Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensions Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum
Extension - Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Plamaris Longus
Radial Deviation - Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extension Carpi Radialis Longus
Extension Carpi Radialis Brevis
Ulnar Deviation - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
What is motor abundance?
If we have more DOF for the elemental variables than performing variables there will be many solutions for a problem.
What is compensatory motion?
If one of the elemental variables is lacking then the other elemental variables will make up for it.
When both segments are rotating in the SAME direction at submaximal speed and maximal speed?
Submaximal - Swing pattern
Maximal - Whip pattern
When the segments are rotating in opposite directions and moving further away from the origin what is it called?
An extension Pattern
When the segments are rotating in opposite directions and moving closer to the origin what is it called?
A flexion pattern
What kind of pattern happens during gait?
Spring-loaded inverted pendulum. Depending on how stiff will determine if it is walking or running
What happens in a torso rotation?
Shoulder and pelvic separation
What type of Energy transfers are there?
Link to Link
Joint to link
Joint to Joint
Link to Joint
Why do we want to maximize something or minimize something?
Improve performance and reduce injury risk by modifying technique or equipment
What are the classes of movements?
Discrete - Point A to be Point B
Cyclic - Repeated action
Serial - Chain two or more discrete tasks
What are the phases of movements?
For discrete - 3 phases = Preparatory, propulsion, and braking
Cyclic - 2 phases = Propulsion phase and recovery
What are critical elements?
These are things that we can observe and they determine the outcome of the performance.
What type of constraints are there?
Organismic (Intrinsic) - Someone’s ROM, power, height, and etc. Whatever shapes the way they perform
Environmental - External factors
Task - Rules of the game
Mechanical - Rules of physics
What are some common identifying faults?
Stretch-Shortening Cycle
Sequence and timing of movements
Maximize the time/distance over which a force is applied
