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KIN 345 > Exam 3 Cram > Flashcards

Exam 3 Cram Flashcards

1
Q

How many DOF do the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges have, and what kind of joint?

A

1 degree of Freedom (Flex/Ext of the toes), it is a hinge joint

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2
Q

How many DOF do Metatarsal Phalangeal joints have, and what kind of joint?

A

2 degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext) (Abd/Add), it is a condular joint.

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3
Q

How many DOF do Intertarsal joints have, and what kind of joint?

A

Zero degrees of freedom, it is a gliding joint.

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4
Q

How many DOF do the Subtalor joints have, and what kind of joint is it?

A

1 degree of freedom (Inv/Eversion of the foot), it can either be a pivot or hinge joint.

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5
Q

How many DOF does the Talocrural Joint (ANKLE) have, and what kind of joint is it?

A

1 degree of freedom (DORSI/PLANTAR), it is a hinge joint.

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6
Q

How many DOF does the Tibiofibular joint have, and what kind of joint is it?

A

Zero degrees of freedom, they are syndesmotic joints.

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7
Q

How many DOF does the Patellatibular joint have, and what kind of joint is it?

A

Zero Degrees of freedom, it is a gliding joint.

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8
Q

How many DOF does the Tibiofemoral joint have, and what kind of joint is it?

A

Two degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext) and (IN ROT/EX ROT), it is a condular joint

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9
Q

How many DOF does the Hip joint have, and what kind of joint is it?

A

3 degrees of freedom (Hip Flex/ext, Abd/Add, IN ROT/EX ROT), it is a ball and socket joint.

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10
Q

What muscles will invert the Subtalor joints?

A

Gastroc, Soleus, Plantaris, Tib Pos, Flexor Hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tib Ant

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11
Q

What muscles will evert the Subtalor joints?

A

Peroneus Longus, Brevis, and Tertius

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12
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to plantar flex in the Talocrural joint?

A

Gastroc, soleus, plantaris, Post Tib, Flexor Hallucis longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Longus, and Brevis.

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13
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to dorsiflex in the Talocrural jount?

A

Tib Ant, Extensor Hallicus Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, and Peroneus Tertius.

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14
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to extend the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Rec Fem, Vast Med, Vast Lat, and Vas Inter (Quads)

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15
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to flex the tibiofemoral Joint?

A

Bic Fem, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, and Gastro, Gracillis, Sartorius, and Popliteus.

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16
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to internally rotate the tibiofemoral Joint?

A

Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Gracillis, Sartorius, and Popliteus

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17
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to externally rotate the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Bicep Fem

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18
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to extend the hip joint?

A

Glut Max, Bic Fem, Semimem., Semitend., and adductor magnus

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19
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to flex the hip joint?

A

Ilacus, Psoas Major, Rec fem, Sartorius, Tensor Fascia Latae

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20
Q

What MTcs will cause torque to adduct the hip joint?

A

Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and Gracillis

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21
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to abduct the hip joint?

A

Glut Medius, Tensor Fascia Latae, and Glut Minimus

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22
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to ER the hip joint?

A

Glut Max, Piriformis, Glut Med, and Sartorius

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23
Q

What MTCs will cause torque to IR the hip joint?

A

Pectineus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, and TFL

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24
Q

What are the external forces when lifting?

A

Gravity and Intertial Forces

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25
Q

A deeper squat will do what to the moment arms?

A

Will create larger moment arms and require more torque on joints

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26
Q

How does trunk positioning relate to moment arms?

A

The upright position will dec moment arm at the hip, inc at the knee, and dec at the ankle.

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27
Q

What are the two rules for lifting safely?

A

Keep load close to spine and keep curves of spine

28
Q

What are the three ways to pick something up from the ground?

A

Squat (Cost most energy), Stoop (Deadlift), and Golfer’s Pick up (For lighter loads)

29
Q

What joints is the functional spinal unit made up of?

A

Interbody Joint and the right/left zygapophysial (FACET) joint

30
Q

The regional differences and spinal mobilities are more responsible for what joint?

A

Facet Joints

31
Q

What are the motions of the thoracolumbar spine?

A

Flex, Ext, Lateral Flex and bending, Rotation

32
Q

What are the motions of the craniocervical spine?

A

Flexion, Ext, and rotation

33
Q

What makes up the shoulder complex?

A

SC Joint, AC Joint, Glenohumeral Joint, and Scapularthoracic articulation

34
Q

How many DOF does the SC joint have and what kind of joint is it?

A

Has two degrees of freedom (Elevation/depression) (Protraction/Retraction), saddle joint

35
Q

How many DOF does the AC joint have and what kind of joint is it?

A

It has one degree of freedom (Upward/Downward rotation of scapula), gliding joint

36
Q

What type of motion does the Scapulothoracic articulation have?

A

Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, downward rotation of thorax, or upward rotation of thorax.

37
Q

How many DOF does the Glenohumeral joint have and what kind of joint is it?

A

It has three degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Abd/Add, IR/ER), Ball and socket joint

38
Q

What makes up total shoulder motion?

A

Glenohumeral joint motion and scapulothoracic motion.

39
Q

What are the 3 different types of arm elevation?

A

Flexion, Scaption, and abduction

40
Q

What makes up the Elbow complex?

A

Humeralradial joint and Humeralulnar joint

41
Q

How many DOF does the Elbow complex have and what kind of joint is it?

A

1 Degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext) Hinge joint

42
Q

How many DOF do the Radioulnar joints have and what kind of joint is it?

A

1 Degrees of freedom (Pronation/Supination) Pivot Joint

43
Q

How many DOF do the Wrist complex have and what kind of joint is it?

A

2 degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Radial Deviation/Ulnar Deviation) Condular Joint

44
Q

How many DOF do the Carpometacarpal and Intercarpal joints have and what kind of joint is it?

A

Zero degrees of freedom, gliding joint

45
Q

How many DOF does the first 1st CMC joint (THUMB) have and what kind of joint is it?

A

2 Degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Abd/Add), Saddle joint

46
Q

How many DOF do the MCP (Fingers) joints have and what kind of joint is it?

A

2 degrees of freedom (Flex/Ext, Abd/add), Saddle joints

47
Q

How many DOF do the interphalangeal joints have and what kind of joint is it?

A

1 Degree of freedom (Flex/Ext), Pivot Joint

48
Q

What MTCs act on the Scapulothoracic Articulation (SC+AC joint motion)

A

Protraction - Serratus Anterior
Retraction - Mid Trap, Rhom, Low Trap
Elevation - Up Trap, Lev Scap, Rhom
Depression - Low Trap, Pec Minor, Subclavius
Upward Rotation - Serratus Anterior, Up Trap, Low Trap
Downward Rotation - Rhom, Pec minor

49
Q

What MTCs act on the Glenohumeral Joint?

A

Flexion - Ant Delt, Pec Major, Coracobrachialis, and biceps brachii
Extension - Lats, Teres Major, Post Delt

Abduction - Supraspinatus, Ant Delt, Mid Delt
Adduction - Lats, Teres Major, Pec Major

IR - Pec Major, Lats, Teres Major, Subscapularis
ER - Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

50
Q

What MTCs act on the Elbow complex?

A

Extension - Triceps and Anconeus
Flexion - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis

51
Q

What MTCs act on the radioulnar joint?

A

Supination - Biceps brachii, Supinator, Brachioradialis
Pronation - Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus, and Brachioradialis

52
Q

What MCTs act on the Wrist complex?

A

Flexion - Extension Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensions Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum

Extension - Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Plamaris Longus

Radial Deviation - Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extension Carpi Radialis Longus
Extension Carpi Radialis Brevis

Ulnar Deviation - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

53
Q

What is motor abundance?

A

If we have more DOF for the elemental variables than performing variables there will be many solutions for a problem.

54
Q

What is compensatory motion?

A

If one of the elemental variables is lacking then the other elemental variables will make up for it.

55
Q

When both segments are rotating in the SAME direction at submaximal speed and maximal speed?

A

Submaximal - Swing pattern
Maximal - Whip pattern

56
Q

When the segments are rotating in opposite directions and moving further away from the origin what is it called?

A

An extension Pattern

57
Q

When the segments are rotating in opposite directions and moving closer to the origin what is it called?

A

A flexion pattern

58
Q

What kind of pattern happens during gait?

A

Spring-loaded inverted pendulum. Depending on how stiff will determine if it is walking or running

59
Q

What happens in a torso rotation?

A

Shoulder and pelvic separation

60
Q

What type of Energy transfers are there?

A

Link to Link
Joint to link
Joint to Joint
Link to Joint

61
Q

Why do we want to maximize something or minimize something?

A

Improve performance and reduce injury risk by modifying technique or equipment

62
Q

What are the classes of movements?

A

Discrete - Point A to be Point B
Cyclic - Repeated action
Serial - Chain two or more discrete tasks

63
Q

What are the phases of movements?

A

For discrete - 3 phases = Preparatory, propulsion, and braking
Cyclic - 2 phases = Propulsion phase and recovery

64
Q

What are critical elements?

A

These are things that we can observe and they determine the outcome of the performance.

65
Q

What type of constraints are there?

A

Organismic (Intrinsic) - Someone’s ROM, power, height, and etc. Whatever shapes the way they perform

Environmental - External factors

Task - Rules of the game

Mechanical - Rules of physics

66
Q

What are some common identifying faults?

A

Stretch-Shortening Cycle
Sequence and timing of movements
Maximize the time/distance over which a force is applied

KIN 345 (4 decks)

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