Exam 3 chs. 11-16, 21-22 Flashcards
define crepitus. if palpated in thorax, it indicates
a grating sound or sensation, severe upper resp pneumonia
pectus excavatum is
funnel chest
pectus cariatum is
pigeon chest
Covered eye test: what If the eye turns outward? inward? constant malalignment of the eyes?
If the eye turns outward it is called exotropia. If the uncovered eye turns inward, it is called esotropia. Strabismus is constant malalignment of the eyes.
ABCDEs of melanoma
assymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution
clubbing most often seen in pts with
COPD
uremic frost indicates _____. What causes it?
kidney problems, urea and nitrogen in swet
hirsutism often seen in ___ pts
endocrine
hemangiomas usually resolve by age
9
clear fuid leading from ear or nose in head injury could mean —-? what’s the fluid, what’s the risk?
basilar skull fracture, fluid os cerebrospina, risk is infection
emergency lymph node referral needed with ___
larger than 1 cm, fixed, nontender, irregular, hard or rubbery
who usually has shotty lymph nodes
children under 5
Anterior cervical nodes might indicate___, posterior cervical nodes might indicate ____, and posterior auricular nodes might indicate ___
pharyngitis, mononucleosis, otitis media.
why worry about supraclavicular lymph nodes?
can be a sign of metastatic cancer
called the signal node, found on the left supraclavicular) is associated with lung and abdominal cancer.
The Virchow node
Would a hypothyroid lady have high or low TSH?
high
coarse hair is a sign of
hypothyroid
most common type of hypothyroidism
Graves disease
assess me for thyroid disease
palpate, if enlarge, auscultate for bruits (meaning toxic goiter)
can look as if someone is having a stroke. Remember though that it just affects the face and nothing else (meaning no extremity deficits).
• Bells Palsy
buffalo hump, fat deposits at the nape of the neck, moon face and the velvety discoloration around the neck (acanthosis nigra, also seen in diabetes).
• Cushing syndrome
hardening of the skin usually in the face and hands. Presents as shiny, tight skin in the face
• Scleroderma
glaucoma in a first degree relative increases the patient’s risk for the same problem by
two to three times
3 hereditary eye diseases
cataracts, glaucome, macular degeneration
toddler normal vision
20/200
Why check Cardinal fields of gaze?
allow the nurse to detect muscle defects that cause misalignment or uncoordinated movements of the eyes
when you give the cover test, you are checking for
eye accomodation
what is the test for strabismus?
corneal light reflex
2 nongenetic abnormal eye movements
nystagmus, strabismus
what cases Arteriovenous (AV) nicking, and what is it?
results from high blood pressure and retinal hemorrhages in the form of dot-blot spots or flame hemorrhages.
what causes copper wiring
• Chronic hypertension causes retinal arterioles to thicken
what can you visualize on tympanic membrane?
malleus and cone of light
inner ear goes to cranial nerve ___ called the ___
VIII, vestibulocochlear
what are the types of tibiotabular flexion
plantar and dorsiflexion
adduct your arm- is it added to your side or removed
added
what position in hands can hold soup
supine
what is the Romberg test
test for ataxia, cerebellar function, balance
When the patient’s left eye repeatedly does not see your fingers until they have crossed the line of gaze, a ___ is present.
When the patient’s left eye repeatedly does not see your fingers until they have crossed the line of gaze, a left temporal hemianopsia is present.
lies beneath the cerebral hemispheres. Names its structures.
diencephalon: thalamus& hypothalamus
name the 8 major chains of lymph nodes in the neck
preauricular
- posterior auricular
- occipital
- superficial cervical (extending from the tonsillar to supraclavicular nodes)
- deep cervical
- posterior cervical
- submental
- submandibular
death of the optic nerve- what color is disc
white
uric acid crystals associated with gout; may appear as hard nodules on the ear surface
tophus
discuss reflex scores. What’s abnormal
1+ (present but decreased) to 2+ (normal) to 3+ (increased or brisk, but not pathologic).
0 occurs when a component of the lower motor neurons or reflex arc is impaired and may be seen with spinal cord injuries. 4+ may be seen with lesions of the upper motor neurons and when the higher cortical levels are impaired.
urticaria is
hives
so upset your mouth goes dry
xerostomia
the major indicator for Webers test
unilateral hearing loss
cranial nerve II aka
optic nerve
The transmission of sound waves in the inner ear is referred to as “perceptive” or “sensorineural hearing.”
“perceptive” or “sensorineural hearing.”
cranial nerves assessed with cardinal fields of gaze
III oculomotor IV trochlear VI abducens
peripheral injury to cranial nerve VII (facial) that causes the inability to close the eyes, wrinkle the forehead, or raise the forehead, along with paralysis of the lower part of the face
Bell’s palsy
blue extremities due to anxiety
peripheral cyanosis
To assess the function of the parietal lobe, the nurse should test for
tactile sensation
skin infection with honey colored crust
impetigo
initially on the face, with progressive caudal spread. In 3–4 days, the rash becomes brownish with a fine desquamation (commonly called skin peeling or shedding)
rubeola
What should the nurse assess to test the function of the temporal lobe?
impulses from the ear
What task should a nurse ask a client to perform to assess the function of cranial nerve XII? What is the nerve’s name?
move tongue from side to side, hypoglossal nerve
has a “herald patch”
Pityriasis Rosea
The spinal segments associated with the knee reflex are L2, L3, and L4.
Lumbar 2, L3, and L4.
area of pallor surrounding each lesion, rash appears as fever resolves
roseola
can produce bilateral tinnitus.
At high doses, aspirin toxicity
the woman whose head is stuck in one position has
dystonia
pathogenic fungus that make hypopigmanted patches
tinea versicolor
glasgow points for withdrawal from pain, no eye response, no verbal response
4, 1, 1
papular bluish-to-purple lesion blanches on pressure
venous lake
associated with optic atrophy, glaucoma, and vitamin A deficiency.
Night blindness is
inflammatory skin disorder characterized by macular pink, red or orange-yellow lesions that may or may not have a fine scale. Distribution is usually on the face, scalp, and ears
seborrhea
May accompany states of hormonal fluctuation (oral pathology)
gingival hyperplasia
Amsler grid test for
macular degeneration
job of canal of sclemm
drains aqueous humor
vitamin implicated in gingivitis
B
the middle layer of the eye
CHOROID
allow the nurse to detect muscle defects that cause misalignment or uncoordinated movement of the eyes.
cardinal fields test
The cover test is for
accomodation
Corneal light reflex tests fo
strabismus
Inability to close eyes occurs due to damage of cranial nerve
VII
bruise aka
ecchymosis
Cranial nerve III is responsible for the damage to
pupillary response
palpable bruise aka
hematoma
Bones in synovial joints are joined by
ligaments
The pulp of the index finger is innervated by the
median nerve
if you truly think the bowel sounds are absent. then
don’t palpate
