Exam 3: Chapters 8, 10, 11 Flashcards
How many people die by suicide each year in the US?
49,000
How do suicide death rates differ between men and women? (specific __x rate)
Men die by suicide at 4x the rate of women
How do suicide attempt rates differ between men and women? (specific __x rate)
Women attempt suicide at 2x the rate of men
Which age group has the largest proportional amount of suicides?
Elderly men. (it is a small group and suicides are common, making it the largest proportionally).
Death seeker
Intend to end life at time of suicide, single purpose, short and sudden
Death initiator
Intend to end life at time of suicide, single purpose, short and sudden BUT believe process of death is already underway and they are hastening the process (often elderly)
Death ignorer
Don’t believe self-inflicted death means the end of existance. “next life” (often children, cult)
Death darers
Mixed/ambiguous feelings about intent to die, even at moment of attempt (Russian roulette)
Do people who perform NSSI intend to die?
No
How is suicide studied?
Retrospective: Learning about the person after their suicide. OR Studying people who survive attempt.
How does the risk of suicide change as a person recovers from depression?
Risk increases because individual now has energy and willpower to potentially take actions.
What is a parasuicide?
A suicide attempt
More devought people are…
Less likely to commit suicide
The races that suicide is highest in the US
White Americans and American Indians
What triggers a suicide?
Stressful events and situations, serious illness/injury, social isolation, abusive/repressive environment, occupational stress, mood and thought changes, alcohol or drug use.
Brad works in an unskilled position. Jamie works in a skilled position. All else being equal, ____ is more likely to commit suicide due to occupational stress.
Brad (unskilled position)
What mood and thought changes are associated with suicide
Saddness, preoccupied with problems, hopelessness, dichotomous thinking.
x% people are intoxicated at time of suicide. x% consume at time of suicide.
20% intoxicated, 70% consume
How can suicide be contagious?
Modeling, when people obeserve/read about/know someone who dies by suicide, their risk of suicide increases.
Psychodynamic perspective on suicide
Suicide is anger and depression toward others redirected at self. Loss leads to incorporating the lost person into identity. Thanatus = death instinct.
Support for Psychodynamic theory of suicide
Relationship between childhood loss and later suicide. Less suicide during wars (redirecting death instinct at others)
Durkheim’s Sociocultural perspective on suicide
Chance of suicide is determined by how attached a person is to social groups. More belonging -> lower suicide risk.
Egoistic suicide
Carried out by people whom society has little/no control (person has no concern for norms, not integrated into society).
Fatalistic suicide
People whose lives are over regulated, have no individual control
Altruistic suicide
People who are etremely connected to their group, sacrafice self for group well-being.
Anomic suicide
People whose social environment fails to provide support needed. Lack of belonging, no social rules.
Interpersonal perspective of suicide
People who commit suicide believe they are a burden. These people are weakened by experiences and develop ‘ability’ to take their own life.
How does likelihood of suicide change with age
Increases through middle age, drops at early old age, increases again at 75 yo
At what age do children become more likely to commit suicide
13 (early adol.)
Do children understand death and dying?
Yes
Why are elderly people more likely to commit suicide
Illness, lonliness, loss of status, clinical depression
How many suicide ATTEMPTS per year
1.7 M
Anorexia lifetime prevelance
0.6%
Bulimia lifetime prevelance
1%
Percent of individuals diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia who are male
25%
Median ED duration
7 years
Binge ED lifetime prev
2.8%
Male/female difference in Binge ED
40% male/60% female
Fear of __ is involved in anorexia and builimia.
Fear of becoming overweight/fat.
Anorexia
Limiting food intake due to fear of gaining weight. Distorted view of self. Refusal to maintain healthy weight.
Restricting vs Bing/Purge anorexia
Restricting: Limiting food intake. Binge/purge: Binges then takes actions to compensate
How is binge/purge anorexia different from bulimia?
Individuals with binge purge anorexia are often underweight. Individuals with bulimia are often normal weight.
Non-purging vs Purging bulimia
Non-purge restricts intake or exercises to compensate. Purge induces vommiting.
Binge eating disorder
Involves no compensation, only consuming excess amounts of food. Individuals are often overweight
Binge eating occurs on average at least _____ for ____ to meet diagnostic criteria
At least once a week for three months
What two symptoms are more common in binge/purge type bulimia?
Impulse control issues and mood issues
What kinds of therapy are best for treating ED?
Long term therapies, family therapy, CBT
Substance use disorder in any given year %
16.5%
Alc use disorder in any given year %
10.6%
Americans who obstain from Alc %
35%
Binge drink each month %
21.5%
What % of overdoes deaths are opioid related
75%
US deaths from smoking related diseases per year (#)
480,000/year, 1,300/day
Overdose deaths per year (#)
107,000
Cannabis use disorder yearly rate
6%
Ever used cannabis in lifetime %
45%
Use caffeine daily %
90%
What are the main different kinds of depressants
Alc, sedative/hypnotic, opioids
How do depressants work
Increase GABA, decrease glutamate and dopamine
What is the legal intox BAC
0.08. Actual is 0.09
What impacts dependance
Route of administration. Rate of action. Length of action
Which route of administration, rate of action, and length of action is most addictive?
Inhaling is the quickest to brain, making it most addictive. Fast acting is most addicitve. Shorter length of action is more addicting.
