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Psychosocial > Exam 3 (Ch. 8, 11, 12,13) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Ch. 8, 11, 12,13) Flashcards

1
Q

Dependency needs

A

Vital needs for mothering, love, affection, shelter, protection, security, food, and warmth. May be a manifestation of regression when they reappear excessively in adults.

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2
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, resulting in submission and clinging behavior and fears of separation. Manifestations may include excessive need for advice and reassurance about everyday decisions, encouragement of others to assume responsibility for major areas of his or her life, inability to express disagreement because of possible anger or lack of support from others, and preoccupation with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself.

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3
Q

Depression

A

Feelings of sadness, despair, and discouragement.

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4
Q

Deprivation, emotional

A

Lack of adequate and appropriate interpersonal and/or environmental experience, usually in the early developmental years.

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5
Q

Dyad

A

A two-person relationship, such as the therapeutic relationship between doctor and patient in individual psychotherapy.

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6
Q

Echolalia

A

Parrot-like repetition of overheard words or fragments of speech. It may be a symptom of a developmental disorder, a neurological disorder, or schizophrenia. Echolalia tends to be a repetitive and persistent and is often uttered with a mocking, mumbling, or staccato intonation.

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7
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

The use of electric current with anesthetics and muscle relaxants to induce convulsive seizures. It is most effective in the treatment of depression.

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8
Q

Elopement

A

A patient’s unauthorized departure from a psychiatric facility.

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9
Q

Empathy

A

Insightful awareness of the meaning and significance of the feelings, emotions, and behavior of another person.

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10
Q

Play therapy

A

A treatment technique using the child’s play as a medium for expression and communication between patient and therapist.

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11
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

An anxiety disorder in which exposure to an exceptional mental or physical stressor is followed, sometimes immediately and sometimes not until 6 months or more after the stress, by persistent reexperiencing of the event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma or numbing of general responsiveness, and manifestations of hyperarousal.

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12
Q

Projection

A

A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, in which an individual attributes to another person an unacceptable thought, feeling, or attribute, such as an aggressive or sexual impulse, that in fact is his or her own.

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13
Q

Withdrawal

A

The cessation or significant reduction of use of a chemical substance in a person with a pattern of heavy or prolonged use of that substance. Symptoms tend to be specific for each substance.

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14
Q

Psychotropic

A

“Mind changing” - drugs that alter or change the way the mind works

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15
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Conventional neuroleptics (first generation)
Second-generation neuroleptics
Third-generation neuroleptics

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16
Q

Major side effects: Antipsychotic drugs

A

Tardive dyskinesia (TD): involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): rigidity, catatonia
Metabolic syndrome
Agranulocytosis: fatal unless caught early
Elevated liver enzymes

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17
Q

6 major drug categories

A 
Antipsychotic
Antiparkinsonian
Antidepressant
Antimanic
Antianxiety
Psychostimulants
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18
Q

Major side effects: Antiparkinsonian drugs

A

Cardiac symptoms

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19
Q

Major side effects: Antidepressant drugs

A

Arrythmia, seizures, urinary retention, postural hypotension, constipation
Central serotonin syndrome: confusion, agitation, sweating, shivering, tremor, jerky movements (myoclonus), fever, diarrhea
Increased risk of suicidal tendencies, especially in children and adolescents
Priapism (painful, long-lasting erection)
Tyramine reaction: sweating, palpitations, headache, increase in blood pressure
Postural hypotension, vomiting, nausea, vomiting, weakness

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20
Q

Major side effects: Antimanic (mood stablizing) drugs

A

Toxic reaction: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, confusion, slurred speech
Aplastic anemia
Liver toxicity
Severe, potentially fatal skin rash

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21
Q

Psychosurgery

A

Prefrontal lobotomy
Once believed to relieve mental symptoms
Often left patient with impaired judgment and a complete lack of motivation

22
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)

A

Originally approved to treat seizures

A stimulator is implanted in the chest to stimulate the vagus nerve, a part of the autonomic nervous system

23
Q

Herbal supplements

A

Kava kava (root): anxiety
St. John’s Wort (herb): depression
SAMe (occurs naturally in brain): depression
Valerian (herb): insomnia

24
Q

Therapeutic use of self

A

Being aware of oneself and of the patient and being able to control what one communicates

A trusting connection and rapport established between therapist and client through collaboration, communication, therapist empathy, and mutual respect

25
Q

Therapeutic relationship vs. Friendship

A

Friendship: each person expects something from the other; both people are responsible for making sure the relationship is rewarding and mutually satisfying

Therapeutic relationship: patient expects to receive help, therapist expects to give it, neither expects the help to be returned; therapist is responsible for developing and maintaining a good relationship with the patient

26
Q

Stages in a therapeutic relationship

A

1) development of rapport
2) development of a working relationship
3) maintenance of a working relationship through goal achievement

27
Q

Therapeutic qualities

A

Empathy, sensitivity, respect, warmth, genuineness, self-disclosure, specificity, immediacy

28
Q

ALOR

A 
Acronym for processing feedback:
Ask
Listen
Observe
Reflect
29
Q

Communication techniques

A 
Make initial contacts brief
Choose words carefully
Be comfortable with silence
Encourage by minimal response
Listen and observe
Summarize and focus
Ask for clarification
Follow through on promises
30
Q

Universal precautions

A

Set of procedures recommended by various governmental and health agencies to prevent the spread of infection

31
Q

Hand washing

A

The most effective method of disease prevention

32
Q

Protective barriers

A

Primarily gloves, adhesive bandages should be used to cover tiny cuts at all times and changed whenever hands are washed

33
Q

Infection control in common areas

A

Wash and disinfect surfaces daily and any time contamination is suspected
Maintain adequate supply of cleaning products
Disposable gloves, utility gloves, adhesive bandages, first aid kit
No sharing of personal hygiene items

34
Q

Controlling the environment

A

1) Keep track of your keys
2) Make sure restricted items are not taken into inpatient wards
3) Have everything ready before patients arrive
4) Use shatterproof mirrors
5) Use good judgment about who comes to OT
6) Organize tool and supply cabinets to permit a fast, accurate count of all potentially dangerous items
7) Alert consumers to potential dangers in activities
8) Follow safety precautions for toxins
9) Know and use proper safety equipment
10) Observe the local fire code
11) Pay attention to the condition of the floor
12) Eliminate electrical hazards
13) Observe food safety guidelines and fire safety precautions in the kitchen
14) Apply techniques for proper positioning, energy conservation, and work simplification, and teach them to consumers
15) Provide increased structure for those functioning at lower cognitive levels

35
Q

Medical emergencies

A

Fainting, seizures, bleeding, burns, minor cuts, strains/sprains/bruises/contusions (RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevation)

36
Q

Psychiatric emergencies

A

Suicide, assault, elopement

37
Q

Minnesota Vulnerable Adults Act (1980)

A

Protects vulnerable adults from abuse and neglect

38
Q

Bright Light Therapy (BLT)

A

Uses timed exposure to ultraviolet filtered light (similar to sunlight) to treat depression

39
Q

Group

A

3+ people who are together for some period to accomplish a common goal or share a common purpose

40
Q

Group treatment

A

Planned process for creating changes in individuals by bringing them together for this purpose; cost effective

41
Q

Group cohesiveness

A

The sense of solidarity the members feel toward each other and the group; it is based on a sense of closeness and identification with each other or with the group itself.

Can be encouraged by adjusting the length/frequency of meetings and by enhancing perceptions of intermember similarity.

42
Q

Instillation of hope

A

Increased sense of hopefulness from seeing other group members improve

43
Q

Universality

A

Provides a shared experience as the person learns that others are in the same boat

44
Q

Group goals

A

The purposes for which the group meets

45
Q

Group norms

A

The rules or standards for behavior that are expected in the group

46
Q

Group dynamics

A

Expresses the constantly evolving, never static quality of groups

47
Q

Group interaction skill

A

The ability to be a productive member of a variety of primary groups

48
Q

Parallel level

A

The ability to work an play in the presence of others, comfortably and with an awareness of their presence

49
Q

Project level

A

The ability to share a short-term task with one or two other people

50
Q

Egocentric-cooperative level

A

Awareness of the group’s goals and norms and willingness to abide by them

51
Q

Cooperative level

A

The ability to express feelings within a group and to be aware of and respond to the feelings of others

52
Q

Mature level

A

The ability to take on a variety of group roles, both task roles and group maintenance roles, as needed in response to changing conditions in a group

Psychosocial (3 decks)

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