Exam 3: Cerebral Flashcards
what is the three part assessment of the glasgow coma scale?
eyes, motor, verbal
scoring of glasgow coma scale?
score of 15-great, unaltered LOC
score of 3- lowest, vegetative state
what are some clinical manifestations of ICP in babies?
poor feeds, irritability, sun-setting eyes, shrill cry, tense fontanels, macewen sign
what is macewen sign?
percussion of fontanels and getting cracked pot (resonant) sound may indicate separated sutures, or increased pressure
CM of ICP in children?
Headache
Vomiting, with or without nausea
Seizures
Diplopia, blurred vision
late signs of ICP?
-cheyyene-stokes breathing
-bradycardia
-papilledema
flexion/extension posturing
emergency management of child with ICP?
airway management
reduction of ICP
treatment of shock
pain therapy meds for ICP?
opioids, fentanyl, midozalam, acetaminiphen, codeine
ICP monitoring indications
glasgow coma scale< or = 8
Most common brain malformation
Bridge connecting 2 hemispheres of brain partially or completely missing
Normal intelligence with mild learning differences to severe mental retardation
agenesis
Head circumference 2 standard deviations below normal
Down’s, chromosomal abnormalities
Maternal substance abuse/viral exposure
Cognitive, motor, speech delays
microcephaly
Commonly associated with myelomeningocele
May not be apparent at birth
May appear after primary closure of defect
Results from disturbances in dynamics of CSF
HIDROCEPHALUS
Non-obstructive
Impaired absorption of CSF within subarachnoid space
Venous drainage insufficiency
Over production of CSF (rare)
Malfunction of arachnoid villi
communicating hydroceph
Obstructive
CSF flow through ventricular system is prevented
Most cases a result of developmental malformations
Other causes: neoplasms, infections, trauma
non-communicating hydroceph.
Hydrocephalus: Monitoring
head circ
ultrasound monitoring-ventricle size
fontanel tension