exam 2: resp Flashcards
Equivalent of the “common cold”
Causes:
rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, influenza virus, & parainfluenza virus
nasopharyngitis
Nursing Interventions for nasopharyngitis
elevate HOB, suctioning, vaporization, saline nose drops
80-90% of this disease is viral
pharyngitis
what test is done to rule out strep throat in those with pharyngiits?
GABHS
antibiotic of choice to treat pharyngitis?
penecillin, and if allergic, erythromycin
for tonsillitis, when do you need to get surgery–> tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy?
if three more or cases have occured in the past year
post-op nursing monitoring priorities in those with tonsillitis?
Monitor for bleeding: frequent swallowing, vomiting fresh blood, frequent throat clearing
Highest risk of hemorrhage is first 24hrs. & 5-10 days post-op.
foods to avoid post-op tonsillitis?
Straws Red fluids Acidic foods or fluids Rough textured foods Hot food or drink
is otitis media caused by bacterial or viral agent? and which ones?
bacterial; s. pneumoniae & H influenzae
2 types of otitis media?
acute otitis media (AOM)
or
otitis media with effusion (OME)
which vaccine has decreased the incidence of otitis media by 50% in some cases>
pneumococcal vaccine
nursing interventions for otitis media
Position on affected side for comfort & facilitate drainage
Apply heat over the ear (warm compresses)
Cleanse external canal with antibiotic ointment or hydrogen peroxide if ordered
principle cause of infectious mononucleosis
epstein-barr virus
infection control procedure for mono patients
standard, no isolation
incubation period is 30-50 days
S&S of mono
big three: fever, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy
Croup syndromes symtoms
hoarse cough, insp. stridor, resp. distresss
epiglottitis
acute inflammation of the epiglottis. MEDICAL EMERGENCY
which bacteria usually causes epiglottitis?
H influenzae
clinical manifestations of epiglottitis?
4 D's: drooling dysphagia dysphonia distressed breathing efforts tripod position
lab diagnostics of epiglottitis?
ABGs: low pH AND PaO2
high co2–> RESP. ACIDOSIS
treatment of epiglottitis?
analgesics and antipyretics
iv antibiotics
corticosteroids
O2 therapy
most common croup syndrome
laryngotracheobronchitis
most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children less than a year old
resp. syncytial virus
viral infection of bronchioles. characterized by thick secretions
bronciolitis
diagnosis of bronchiolitis made by
RSV washings, SaO2
nursing interventios for bronchiolitis pts.
-DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
observe for hypoxia
bulb syringe for suctioning
administer neb treatment
diagnostic tests to determine pneumonia:
CXR, CT, Sputum C&S
treatment for pneumonia
resp assessment cool mist tent elevate HOB Chest PT/ incentive spirometry antibiotics
pertussis
whooping cough, highly contagious “droplet precautions”
diagnosis of pertussis made by
nasal swab
treatment of pertussis is: _____
symptomatic. cool mist with O2 and resp. assessment
reversible “reactive” airway disease
asthma
most common chronic condition in children
asthma
this is ominous sign of resp arrest in asthmatic pts.
sudden cessation of wheezes
treatment for asthma
short acting beta blockers: albuterol
anticholintergics: atrovent
steroids
spacers
this asthmatic drug should not be used in children under the age of 12
Leukotreine modifiers: Singulair
autosomal recessive disease causing dysfunction of exocrine glands
cystic fibrosis
responsible mutated gene for cystic fibrosis is located here
chromosome 7
when both parents carry the CF gen, then:
- 25% with have CF
- 50% will be carriers
- 25% will not have disease
assessments found in CF pts.:
-meconium ileus(infants)
-salty-tasting skin
-frequent infections
-steatorrhea (fatty stools)
thin extremities and muscle wasting
diagnostic test for CF:
sweat test: weat chloride greater than 60 on two or more occasions is indicative
- stool for fecal fat
- chest x-ray
treatment options for CP pts: meds
bronchodilators mucolytics pancreatic enzymes vitamins antibiotics salt replacement nsaids flutter valve
