Exam 3 cell and molecular Flashcards
Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP carried out by tubulin molecules
Allows the behavior of microtubules called dynamic instability
The MTOC of the cell is the
Centrosome
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for
Decreasing binding strength between subunits on filaments
Drug promotes lamellipoda formation in cells the molecule is unluckily involved in the pathway that this drug affects
Myosin
Pyruvate in mitochondria is next converted to __ which enters citric acid cycle
Acetyl CoA
Oxidative phosphorylation accomplished in the final electron transfer event in the electron transport chain
O2 reduced to H2O
Stage in break down of breakfast that generates the most ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
Cells rely exclusively on glycolysis to supply them with ATP
Anaerobically growing yeast
Describe phosphorylation event that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation
A phosphate group is added to ADP
Enters mitochondrion from cytosol for further conversion into compounds that enter citric acid cycle.
Pyruvate
Steps/processes in aerobic respiration include production of CO2
Conversion of Pyruvate to acetyl CoA
in mitochondrial electron transport protons are pumped from
Matrix to intermembrane space
Protein must contain at least on stop transfer sequence
Plasma membrane protein
Citric acid cycle consists of oxidation of _____ to produce ____
Acetate
CO2, NADH, FADH2
Proto-oncogene is always
On
Gene functions in DNA repair
BRCA1
Cytoskeletal regulatory protein function likely be necessary for capturing mitotic chromosomes by spindle microtubles
Increasing dynamic instability of microtubules
Cytoskeletal regulatory protein function likely be necessary for vesicular transport of synaptic components in a differentiated neuron
Increasing dynamic instability of microtubules
Cytoskeletal regulatory protein function likely be necessary for The protrusion step in cell migration
Formation of new actin filaments networks
Cytoskeletal regulatory protein function likely be necessary for The squeezing of the rear of a motile cell, pushing if the cellular contents forward
Activating myosin contractile activity
Reduced forms
FADH2 and NADH
Does not pass through Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast proteins
Pathway taken by secreted proteins
Rough ER-> Golgi-> secretory vesicles-> cell exterior
Where would you find ribosomes translating mRNAs that encode ribosomal proteins
In the cytosol
True ab nuclear membrane
Nuclear membrane is thought to have arisen from the plasma membrane invaginating around the DNA
Signal sequence that directs proteins to correct compartment are
Encoded in the amino acid sequence and sufficient for targeting proteins to its correct destination
Gene that encodes growth factor receptors that when mutated no long require growth factor to activate division would be termed
Oncogenes
Translation of proto-oncogene to an oncogene leads to
Unregulated cell division
Genetic change that cannot convert a proto-oncogene to an oncogene
A mutation that introduces a stop codon immediately after the codon for the initiator methionine
