EXAM 3: cancer + meds Flashcards
Autosomal dominant
-a single copy of the gene is enough to cause a disorder.
-Affected individual has a 50% chance of getting the disease.
Recessive
-Both copies of the gene must be mutated for the person to get the disease.
-The mutated gene can be passed on to children (1 of them).
X-linked
-Refers to genes located on the X-chromosome.
-Males are more likely to be affected by X-linked chromosomes.
Articulate the difference between cell differentiation and proliferation.
-Differentiation: Process of specialization
-Proliferation: Process of cell division; Adaptive mechanism for replacing body cells.
Benign neoplasm
-Slow, progressive rate of growth.
-May come to a standstill or regress.
-An expansive manner of growth.
-Inability to metastasize to a distant site.
-Resemble the cells of the tissue of origin.
-Fibrous capsule.
Malignant neoplasm
-Tend to grow rapidly & spread widely.
-Have the potential to kill (regardless of location).
-Tend to compress blood vessels.
-Rob normal tissues of essential nutrients.
-Release enzymes & toxins that destroy tumors & normal tissue.
-No capsule.
-Cells are different from normal cells.
Alkylating (chlorambucil)
-react chemically with portions of DNA, RNA, or other cellular proteins
Antimetabolites (methotrexate)
-inhibit DNA production (S phase specific)
Antibiotics (doxorubicin)
-breakup DNA links/interfere with DNA synthesis
Mitosis inhibitors (vincristine)
-interfere with mitosis (M phase specific)
Hormone modulators (tamoxifen)
-receptor site/hormone specific blocking cancer cell growth
Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib)
- act on specific enzymes needed for protein synthesis
Interferons (interferon alpha-2b)
-prevent virus particles from replicating inside the cell
-be careful with preg, CNS issues & cardiac disease
Interleukins (aldesleukin)
-increase the number of natural killer cells in the body
