Exam 3: Bryan Nycz stuff

Question 1

GI functions of microbiome

Answer 1

Protection: pathogen exclusion, antimicrobial (acid, H2O2)
Structure: barrier, IgA, tight junctions
Metabolic: ferment/solubilize, vitamins

Question 2

Vitamins synthesized by microbiome

Answer 2

B3, B5, B6, B12
K
Biotin
Folate

Question 3

How long for infant to obtain microbiome?

Answer 3

Infant born sterile

Weeks for load of a normal adult

Question 4

Factors that influence colonization pattern

Answer 4

Mode of delivery (vaginal vs. C-section)

Feeding (breast vs. formula)

Question 5

Dysbiosis

Answer 5

Abnormal composition of microbiome:
Bacterial vaginosis - loss of protective (lactobacilli) and gain of anaerobes (prevotella, gardnerella)
Chron’s: decreased clostridium and bacteroidies
IBS, abx diarrhea, T1DM, etc

Question 6

Pathogen exclusion

Answer 6

Commensals compete with pathogens
Limits infectivity via nutrient and receptor competition
Antimicrobial production of lactic acid, H2O2, and bacteriocins