Exam 3- Breeding + Management

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Alternative forms of gene at locus on chromosome

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

A pair of alleles at a given locus

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

Expression of alleles, what they look like

Question 4

Complete dominance

Answer 4

One allele masks the expression of another

Question 5

partial or incomplete dominance

Answer 5

one allele does not completely mask the expression of another allele

Question 6

Epistasis

Answer 6

interaction of genes at two or more loci

Question 7

Unique features of basic coat colors

Answer 7

Black doesn’t fade in the sun, brown has lighter areas around the muzzle and flank, bay has black points, sorrel has no black hair present

Question 8

E gene (Eumelanin)

Answer 8

E (black hair) is dominant to e (red hair) -E_ is black hair, ee is red hair

Question 9

A gene (Agouti gene)

Answer 9

Controls distribution of black hair (restricted to all over) -E_A_ is bay, E_ aa is black body, ee aa/ee A_ is sorrel

Question 10

C gene (cream dilution)

Answer 10

red hair gets diluted to yellow if CCr- Palamino

Question 11

G gene (gray)

Answer 11

Gg or G_ is grey while gg is not grey

Question 12

Clinical effects of GIT parasitism

Answer 12

No effect, poor performance, poor growth, colic, weight loss

Question 13

large strongyles

Answer 13

Strongylus vulgaris

Question 14

Small strongyles

Answer 14

Cyathastomes- forms cysts- treated by moxidectin

Question 15

tapeworms

Answer 15

anoplocephala perfoliate- treated by praziquantel

Question 16

Bots

Answer 16

gasterophilus spp- killed by ivermectin

Question 17

Roundworm

Answer 17

Parascaris equorum- problems in foals!- self cure

Question 18

Scrotum

Answer 18

Contains the testes- protection and thermoregulation

Question 19

Testis

Answer 19

Where sperm and hormone is produced- horizontal, muslces pull adn relax testis to maintain temperature

Question 20

Epidydimus

Answer 20

Sperm are stored and maturate here

Question 21

Vas deferens

Answer 21

Transports semen when stallion is breeding- 4 accessory sex glands

Question 22

glans penis

Answer 22

bells out, stretches the cervix open, helps mare contract, has teh urethral opening

Question 23

Spermatogenesis

Answer 23

Puberty= 12 months of age, takes 60 days, DSP= 3.35 billion per day

Question 24

Testosterone

Answer 24

causes cresty neck, jowls, shiny hair coat, breeding behavior, sperm produciton, negative feedback

Question 25

Time of castration

Answer 25

MU does 6-8 months

Question 26

mare puberty

Answer 26

12 months, breed between 3-6 years, breed large horses later

Question 27

Vulva

Answer 27

accomodate delivery of the foal and breeding

Question 28

Vagina

Answer 28

accomodate delivery of the foal and breeding

Question 29

Cervix

Answer 29

closes to keep bacteria out

Question 30

Uterus

Answer 30

supports maturation of the embryo and breeding

Question 31

ovaries

Answer 31

Hormone production and maturation of oocytes

Question 32

3 anatomical bariers of defense

Answer 32

Vulva, vestubular sphincter, cervix

Question 33

What causes a pneumovagina

Answer 33

Poor reproducitve tract confirmation, suck air and bacteria in

Question 34

Cervix unique aspects

Answer 34

longitudinal folds that provide a tract for the semen

Question 35

Uterus unique aspects

Answer 35

endometrial folds- flata during diestrus and filled during estrus

Question 36

Ovaries unique aspects

Answer 36

kidney bean shaped and large, cortex on the inside, medull aon the outside

Question 37

Ovulation fossa

Answer 37

Limits ovulation to one spot

Question 38

Unique aspects of the industry

Answer 38

all horse birthdays are on january 1st, we start breeding earlier than the cycle starts

Question 39

Estrous lengths

Answer 39

Diestrus- 2 weeks, estrus- one week, average cycle- 3 weeeks

Question 40

Timing of ovulation

Answer 40

24-48 hours prior to the end of estrus behavior

Question 41

Timing to breed postpartum

Answer 41

10-12 days, 1-2 weeks after partruition

Question 42

FSH

Answer 42

to ovaries from brain, stimulates follicular growth

Question 43

LH

Answer 43

to ovaries from brain, causes ovulation and CL formation

Question 44

Estrogen

Answer 44

from the follicle, inhibits FSH

Question 45

Inhibin

Answer 45

from the follicle, inhibits FSH when the follicle is large enough

Question 46

Progesterone

Answer 46

maintains early preganancy, comes from CL

Question 47

Prostaglandin

Answer 47

from the uterus, lyses CL to start follicular growth again

Question 48

Estrus phase hormone- estrogen

Answer 48

causes estrus behavoir, readies uterus for embryo, at high levels triggers LH surge

Question 49

Luteal phase hormone- progesterone

Answer 49

prevents estrus behavior, prepares uterus for preganancy, inhibits LH release

Question 50

Ovulation induction- acts like LH

Answer 50

HCG and delorelin, effective with endometrial edema and >35 mm follicle

Question 51

Short cycling- shortens diestrus

Answer 51

Prostoglandin- effective with 5 day old CL

Question 52

Synchronization- goal is to get uniform small follicles

Answer 52

Daily progesterone and estrogen through day 10, prostaglandin, induce on day 18 and breed on 19

Question 53

methods of breeding

Answer 53

Breed every other day while in heat or ultrasound to determine when to breed and induce ovulation

Question 54

Sperm goal number for onsite AI

Answer 54

500 million pms

Question 55

Sperm goal number for cool shipped semen

Answer 55

one billion PMS