Exam 3 Blood cells Flashcards
WBC normal range
4-10
Male RBC, Hgb, Hct levels
RBC: 4.5-6.2
Hgb: 13.5-18
Hct: 40-54
Female RBC, Hgb, Hct levels
RBC: 3.5-5
Hgb: 12-15
Hct: 37-47
what does WBC measure?
Number of leukocytes present in the whole blood
What does RBC measure?
Number of circulating erythrocytes present in whole blood
What is Hgb?
Main component of RBCs and the essential protein that combines with and transports O2
What is Hct?
Packed Cell volume –> measures the percentage of a given volume of whole blood that is occupied by erythrocytes
~3x Hgb if not could mean overload or dehydration
What is the MCV and its normal level?
Mean Corpuscular Volume = Expresses the average volume and size of the RBC (Size of RBC, macrocytic, normocytic, microcytic): 80-100
What is the MCH and its normal level?
Mean Corpuscular Hgb = Express the average amount and weight of Hgb contained in a single RBC (Mass of RBC): 26-34
What is the MCHC and its normal level?
Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration = Express the average Hgb concentration of each RBC occupied by Hgb as a percentage (color, hyperchromic, normochromic, hypochromic): 32-36
What is the RDW and its normal level?
RBC Distribution Width = Measure of range of cariatoin of RBC volume: 11.6-14.4
If elevated, there is a greater variation in cell size
Used with MCV to help differentiate anemia
What are the types of leukocytes?
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
What is a neutrophil and its normal range?
A neutrophil is the most common type of leukocyte (34-71%)
Most notable during acute phase on inflammation (first line)
Responsible for removing antigens via phagocytosis.
Elevation = most likely d/t infection (bacterial)
Decrease = most likely d/t medications or malignancy
What is a lymphocyte and its normal range?
Type of leukocyte mostly seen within lymph system (19-53%) (second line)
elevation = Generally viral infection
Decrease = Severe disease or BM suppression
Two types:
Type B-bone marrow (25%), Recognize antigens and become plasma cells that produce antibodies
Type C-thymus(75%),
Cytotoxic: Destroy infected cells
Helper: Direct immune response
Regulatory: suppress immune system to prevent autoimmune diseases
Sub-Types:
Effector Cells-Activated by antigens to fight active infection
Memory Cells-Activated by subsequent antigen
What is an Monocyte and its normal range?
Phagocytic leukocyte –> “all purpse” clean up cell (4-12%). they are the largest leukocyte.
Associated with chronic infections (autoimmune, blood disorder, cancer)
Complement neutrophils and prepare tissues for healing by removing pus and dead cellular debris
What is an Eosinophil and its normal range?
Phagocytic bactericidal leukocyte that are segmented granulocytes (0-7%)….closely associated with allergic and parasitic rxns
High: parasite, allergic rxn, autoimmune
Low: Excessive alcohol or Cortisol
Respond to immune complexes and limit chronic inflammatory rxns ——> ingets antigen-antibody complexes
Attracted to sites of foreign antigens by tissue histamine late in the inflammatory response.
What is a Basophil and its normal range?
Third variety of segmented granulocytes that carry about 1/2 blood histamine (0-1%)
Plays an active role in allergic rxns —> release histamine.
Also contain heparin and are associated with fibrinolysis
What is TIBC and normal levels?
Total Iron Body Capacity: 250-450
Gauges whether there’s too much or too little iron in your bloodstream –> Evaluates how well transferrin carries iron through your blood
(Transferrin: protein produced in liver that carries iron)
High: Low level of iron in blood
Low: High level of iron in the blood
What is serum iron and what is normal level?
Measures how much iron is in your serum (50-150)
What is Ferritin and what is normal level?
Protein that stores iron, releasing it when body needs it. (50)
Greatest concentration is in liver
Low: iron deficiency, bleeding, certain anemia
what is transferrin
Protein that bind with ferritin to carry iron to new RBC
Shifts:
Left: High concentrations of bands –> Bone marrow responding to a heaving demand by rapidly producing and releasing unsegemented leukocytes
Degenerative: Low total WBC with marked bands -> bone marrow suppression and a block in the maturations process
Regenerative: High total WBC with numerous bands -> Bone marrow response to increased stimulation
Right: Hypersegmented neutrophils that have more than the usualy number of nuclear segments
