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USA: AHN 568 > Exam 3 Blood cells > Flashcards

Exam 3 Blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

WBC normal range

A

4-10

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2
Q

Male RBC, Hgb, Hct levels

A

RBC: 4.5-6.2
Hgb: 13.5-18
Hct: 40-54

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3
Q

Female RBC, Hgb, Hct levels

A

RBC: 3.5-5
Hgb: 12-15
Hct: 37-47

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4
Q

what does WBC measure?

A

Number of leukocytes present in the whole blood

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5
Q

What does RBC measure?

A

Number of circulating erythrocytes present in whole blood

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6
Q

What is Hgb?

A

Main component of RBCs and the essential protein that combines with and transports O2

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7
Q

What is Hct?

A

Packed Cell volume –> measures the percentage of a given volume of whole blood that is occupied by erythrocytes
~3x Hgb if not could mean overload or dehydration

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8
Q

What is the MCV and its normal level?

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume = Expresses the average volume and size of the RBC (Size of RBC, macrocytic, normocytic, microcytic): 80-100

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9
Q

What is the MCH and its normal level?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hgb = Express the average amount and weight of Hgb contained in a single RBC (Mass of RBC): 26-34

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10
Q

What is the MCHC and its normal level?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration = Express the average Hgb concentration of each RBC occupied by Hgb as a percentage (color, hyperchromic, normochromic, hypochromic): 32-36

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11
Q

What is the RDW and its normal level?

A

RBC Distribution Width = Measure of range of cariatoin of RBC volume: 11.6-14.4
If elevated, there is a greater variation in cell size
Used with MCV to help differentiate anemia

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12
Q

What are the types of leukocytes?

A 
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
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13
Q

What is a neutrophil and its normal range?

A

A neutrophil is the most common type of leukocyte (34-71%)

Most notable during acute phase on inflammation (first line)

Responsible for removing antigens via phagocytosis.

Elevation = most likely d/t infection (bacterial)

Decrease = most likely d/t medications or malignancy

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14
Q

What is a lymphocyte and its normal range?

A

Type of leukocyte mostly seen within lymph system (19-53%) (second line)

elevation = Generally viral infection

Decrease = Severe disease or BM suppression

Two types:
Type B-bone marrow (25%), Recognize antigens and become plasma cells that produce antibodies
Type C-thymus(75%),
Cytotoxic: Destroy infected cells
Helper: Direct immune response
Regulatory: suppress immune system to prevent autoimmune diseases

Sub-Types:
Effector Cells-Activated by antigens to fight active infection
Memory Cells-Activated by subsequent antigen

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15
Q

What is an Monocyte and its normal range?

A

Phagocytic leukocyte –> “all purpse” clean up cell (4-12%). they are the largest leukocyte.

Associated with chronic infections (autoimmune, blood disorder, cancer)

Complement neutrophils and prepare tissues for healing by removing pus and dead cellular debris

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16
Q

What is an Eosinophil and its normal range?

A

Phagocytic bactericidal leukocyte that are segmented granulocytes (0-7%)….closely associated with allergic and parasitic rxns

High: parasite, allergic rxn, autoimmune

Low: Excessive alcohol or Cortisol

Respond to immune complexes and limit chronic inflammatory rxns ——> ingets antigen-antibody complexes

Attracted to sites of foreign antigens by tissue histamine late in the inflammatory response.

17
Q

What is a Basophil and its normal range?

A

Third variety of segmented granulocytes that carry about 1/2 blood histamine (0-1%)

Plays an active role in allergic rxns —> release histamine.

Also contain heparin and are associated with fibrinolysis

18
Q

What is TIBC and normal levels?

A

Total Iron Body Capacity: 250-450

Gauges whether there’s too much or too little iron in your bloodstream –> Evaluates how well transferrin carries iron through your blood
(Transferrin: protein produced in liver that carries iron)

High: Low level of iron in blood

Low: High level of iron in the blood

19
Q

What is serum iron and what is normal level?

A

Measures how much iron is in your serum (50-150)

20
Q

What is Ferritin and what is normal level?

A

Protein that stores iron, releasing it when body needs it. (50)

Greatest concentration is in liver

Low: iron deficiency, bleeding, certain anemia

21
Q

what is transferrin

A

Protein that bind with ferritin to carry iron to new RBC

22
Q

Shifts:

A

Left: High concentrations of bands –> Bone marrow responding to a heaving demand by rapidly producing and releasing unsegemented leukocytes

Degenerative: Low total WBC with marked bands -> bone marrow suppression and a block in the maturations process

Regenerative: High total WBC with numerous bands -> Bone marrow response to increased stimulation

Right: Hypersegmented neutrophils that have more than the usualy number of nuclear segments

USA: AHN 568 (10 decks)

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