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Neurology > Exam 3: Auditory > Flashcards

Exam 3: Auditory Flashcards

1
Q

2 primary qualities of auditory system

A

Intensity and Frequency

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2
Q

Intensity correlates to….

A

Loudness

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3
Q

Frequency correlates to….

A

Pitch

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4
Q

Range of intensity

A

0-120 dB

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5
Q

Range of frequency

A

20 to 20k

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6
Q

external ear

A

pinna and external auditory meatus

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7
Q

middle ear

A

TM, ossicles

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8
Q

inner ear

A

cochlea and semicircular canals

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9
Q

Function of middle ear

A

Overcome impedance mismatch between air and fluid

P=F/A; increase force through lever action and decreasing area of force applied (stapes vs TM)

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10
Q

How much of acoustic impedance is overcome in middle ear?

A

-30 from mismatch

+28 from middle ear

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11
Q

Types of hearing loss (2)

A

Conductive and Sensorineural

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12
Q

How to distinguish conductive vs. sensoineural hearing loss

A

Tuning fork in air and then on bone

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13
Q

3 compartments of cochlea

A

Scala vestibuli, media, and tympani

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14
Q

Where is the organ of Corti?

A

On basilar membrane w/in scala media, contains hair cells

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15
Q

Where are higher frequency sounds heard on the basilar membrane?

A

closer to the base

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16
Q

How does the basilar membrane vary along the cochlea?

A

thinner, narrower, and more rigid at base

more flexible, wider, and thicker at the apex

17
Q

How many hair cells per cochlea?

A

16k

18
Q

More inner or outer hair cells?

A

Outer hair cells

19
Q

Which hair cells convert mechanical vibration into electrical signals?

A

Inner hair cells

20
Q

Perilymph vs endolymph

A

Perilymph: like normal ECF, high Na and Ca
Endolymph: high K

21
Q

Which lymph fills which compartment?

A

Endolymph –> Scala media

Perilymph –> Scala tympani and vestibuli

22
Q

What produces endolymph

A

stria vascularis

23
Q

What is the endocochlear potential?

A

-80mV

24
Q

Type I vs Type II Auditory Nerve Fibers

A

Type I innervate IHCs and are myelinated

Type II innervate OHCs and are unmyelinated

25
Q

Ratios of nerves to hair cells

A

10: 1 nerve:IHC
1: 10 nerve:OHC

26
Q

What sound intensity can cause hearing loss?

A

120 dB

27
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss

A

Otitis media, otosclerosis, malformations of inner ear, perforations of the TM, static pressure, interruptions of ossicle chain, cholesteatoma (skin cyst)

28
Q

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

loud sounds, ototoxic drugs, age (presbycusis), genetics

29
Q

How to differentiate Conductive and Sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Tuning fork restores hearing in conductive

30
Q

How many ANFs per cochlea?

A

30,000

31
Q

What percentage of ANFs contact IHCs?

A

95%

32
Q

Causes of neural hearing loss

A

8th nerve tumor, auditory neuropathy, multiple sclerosis

33
Q

What causes sensory hearing loss?

A

Loss of endotrochelar potential due to vasculitis, metabolic disorders, or immune disorders

Neurology (5 decks)

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