EXAM #3: ANTIPSYCHOTICS Flashcards
What is psychosis?
Variety of mental disorders that are characterized by:
1) Delusions– false beliefs
2) Hallucinations– auditory, visual, tactile, and olfactory
What is Schizophrenia?
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe psychosis
What are “positive” symptoms in Schizophrenia?
Manifestations of abnormal behavior including:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Agitation
- Paranoia
- Aberrant thinking
- Intrusion of throughts
What are the “negative” symptoms of Schizophrenia?
Absence of normal behavior including:
- Flat affect
- Social withdrawal
- Inattentiveness
What is the “Dopamine Hypothesis” of Schizophrenia?
HYPERACTIVITY of the mesolimibic/ mesocortical DA system causes psychosis
What NTs have been implicated in Schizophrenia aside from DA?
1) 5-HT hyperactivity
2) Hypofunction of Glutamate (NMDA) receptors
What is the main mechanism of action of antipsychoitc drugs?
D2 receptor blockers (antagonists)
What is the main side effect of antipsychotic medications?
Extraparyamidal Symptoms
What are the two categories of antipsychotics?
Typical vs. Atypical
What are the clinical indications for antipsychotic agents?
1) Schizophrenia
2) Psychotic behavior
3) Severe mania (Bipolar)
4) Antiemetic
List the typical antipsychotics.
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
List the atypical antipsychotics.
Clozapine Olanzapine Risperiodone Aripiprazole Quetiapine Ziprasidone
What is the difference between the metabolism of the typical and atypical antipsychotics?
Typical= metabolism into INACTIVE metabolite
Atypical= metabolism into ACTIVE metabolite
What receptor do the antipsychotics block?
D2 (mainly)
How does the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics differn from typical?
Atypical agents antagonize D2 AND 5-HT2A receptors