EXAM 3 - ABdominal Cavity 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the coelm?
A
- A body cavity lined with mesoderm
- EX:
- pericardial cavity
- pleural cavity
- Abdominopelvic cavity
2
Q
What membranes are assocaited with the colem?
A
- Peritoneum
- mesodermal membranes associated with a true coelom
- serous membrane
- Examples
- Parietal membrane
- lines the walls of coelom
- visceral Membrane
- Covers the viscera the coelom
- Parietal membrane
- Examples
- Retroperitoneal
- MEsenteries
- double membranes conencting the parietal and visceral peritoneum
- may be referred to as ligaments in some instances
- mesentery proper attaches to small intestine form duodenojejunal flexure to ileocecal junction
- composed of two layers of peritoneum that enclose vessels and enrves to small intestine
- Other mesenteries
- transverse meso colon and sigmoid mesocolon
- Functions
- support viscera
- provide pathways for blood vessels and nerves to reach viscera
3
Q
What does retroperitoneal mean? list examples
A
- Refers to structures that lie behind the peritoneum
- Ex: kidney
4
Q
What are major functions of the liver?
A
- Detoxification of blood
- Storage of glycogen
- secretion of bile
- protein synthesis
- blood proteins including clotting factors
5
Q
What is the location of the liver in relaton to abdominal quadrants and regions
A
- largest visceral organ in body
- Lies mostly in upper right portion of abdominal cavity
*
6
Q
What are projections of the liver onto the anterior abdominal wall?
A
- projects….
- superiorly to xipheasternal junction
- left as far as apex of heart
- inferiorly to midpoint between exiphoid process and umblicicus
*
7
Q
What ligments and mesentaeries are associated with the liver?
A
- Falciform ligament
- runs to umblicus
- encloses ligamentum teres
- Projects anteriorly between right and left lobes to posterior side of anterior body wall
- Cornary ligaments
- reflect inferior surface of diaphragm
- surround bare area
- Reflected peritoneum on superior surface of liver
- triangular ligaments
- repersent double folds of cornary ligaments
- Ligmentum teres
- embryological remnant of umblicial vein
- projects inferiorly from falciform ligament
- ligamentum venosum
- embryological remant of ductus venosus
- shunted blood from umblical vein to IVC
- embryological remant of ductus venosus
- Lesser omentum
- extends from livver to lesser curvature of stomach
- encloses portal triad
- PORTAL vein
- Hepatic Artery
- Biliary Ducts
- *
8
Q
What surfaces and recesses of the river, including the porta hepatis and the structures that pass through this portal
A
- liver surfaces
- diaphragmatic ( anterior, superior, some inferior)
- Bare area
- visceral (posteroinferior)
- Gastric
- contacts stomach
- Renal
- contacts right kidney/suprarenal glad
- Duodenal
- contacts duodenum
- Colic
- contacts right colic flexure
- fossa for gall bladder
- Gastric
- Liver recesses
- subphrenic recess
- between liver and disphragm
- heptaorenal recess
- morrison pouch
- b/w liver and right kidney /suprarenal gland
- morrison pouch
- subphrenic recess
- Portal hepatis
- entry point for portal triad
- hepatic portal vein (posterior)
- Common (proper) hepatic artery (anterior left)
- Common hepatic duct (anterior right)
- entry point for portal triad
- Porta Hepatis :
- tranverse Fissure separating caudate and quadrate lobes
- transmits
- right and left hepatic ducts
- right and left hepatic arteries
- right and left branches of portal vein
- autonomic plexus and lymphatics
9
Q
What are the lobes of the liver and the landmarks related to the lobular arrangement of the liver
A
Lobes
- right = largest
- left
- smaller than right but larger than caudate and quadrate
- Caudate
- posterior to quadrate
- separated from left lobe by lessor omentum
- separated from right lobe porta hepatis and IVC
- Quadrate
- anterior to caudate lobe
10
Q
What is the portal system and relate to the hepatic portal system, and describe the origins of the hepatic portal vein?
A
- A portal system is a venous conenction between two organs other than the hear
- or vein connecting two capillary beds
- examples
- hepatic , hypophyseal
- renal (not in mammals)
- Portal hepatis
- entry point for portal triad
- hepatic portal vein (posterior)
- Common (proper) hepatic artery (anterior left)
- Common hepatic duct (anterior right)
- entry point for portal triad
- Porta Hepatis :
- tranverse Fissure separating caudate and quadrate lobes
- transmits
- right and left hepatic ducts
- right and left hepatic arteries
- right and left branches of portal vein
- autonomic plexus and lymphatics
11
Q
What is the biliary system, including the ducts associated with this system?
A
- Gallbladder
- relationship to liver
- lies between quadrate and right love
- pear shaped organ
- function
- store and concentrate bile
- function
- relationship to liver
- Common hepatic duct
- from union of right and left hepatic ducts of liver
- accompanied by portal vein and proper hepatic artery
- Cystic duct
- connect common hepatic duct to gall bladder
- spiral valve
- keeps duct open
- Common bie duct
- Formed by union of common hepatic duct and cystic duct
- opens into duodenum with main pancreatic duct
12
Q
What is the location of the stomach in relation to abdominal quadrants?
A
- Epigastric and left hypochondriac regions
- upper left quadrant
- *
13
Q
What are the major anatomic divisons of the stomach
A
Regions
- cardiac
- surrounds cardiac orifice where esophagus enters the stomach
- cardiac notch is located between the sophagus and the fundus of the stomach
- Fundus
- dome shaped superior region above the esophagocardiac line
- often contains gas
- body
- major part of stomach between fundus and pyloric antrum (angular notch)
- Pylorus
- controls rate of entry of chyme
- funnel shaped region feeding into duodenum
- pyloric antrum is the wide portion of the pylorus while the pyloric canal is the narrow portion
- the pyloric sphincter controls rate of entry of chyme into duodenum
14
Q
What are curvatures of the stomach ?
A
- Curvatures
- greater
- long convex border of stomach
- related to greater omentum
- Lesser
- short concave border of stomach
- related to lesser omentum
- greater
- *
15
Q
What is the omental bursa and ligaments/omenta that relate to it
A
- Ligaments
- Greater omentum
- extends from greater curvature of stomach and folds back to atach to posterior abdominal wall
- apron like fold that covers transcerse colon and small intestine
- attachments
- gastrosplenic lig
- gastrophrenic lig
- gastriccolic lig
- Lesser omentum
- extends from lesser curvature of stomach to liver
- attachements
- hepatogastric
- hepatoduodenal
17
Q
What is the arterial supply to the stomach ?
A
- arterial
- left gastric artery
- branch of celiac trunk
- right gastric artery
- branch common hepatic
- left gastroepiploic (gastroomental) artery:
- from splenic artery
- Right gastropiploic (gastroomental) artery
- from gastroduodenal
- short gastric arteries
- from splenic arteries
- left gastric artery
- Venous drainage is from veins to portal veins
