Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

adult gero > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ANY NEW SYMPTOM IN AN OLDER ADULT IS A MEDICATION SIDE EFFECT UNTIL PROVEN OTHERWISE

A

Constant Differential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Impacts speed at which a drug can become available

Least affected by aging

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Movement of drug thru the circulatory system to the target area

Affected by age

A

distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 changes in older adults that effect distribution

A

Decrease of body water
Decreased plasma protein
Changes in fat distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biotransformation

Metabolite/Isoenzymes-pharmacogenetics
Enzyme changes

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 key elements of STEADI

A

Screen, Assess, and Intervene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

decreased physiologic reserve in multiple systems that are interdependent

Accumulation of losses
Inability to compensate for other systems
Difficulty maintaining homeostasis

A

frailty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is frailty a progressive process of aging?

A

Primary Frailty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is frailty the result of an accumulation of geriatric syndromes, aging changes and chronic health problems ?

A

Secondary frailty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Frailty theory defined clinical symptoms

A

Fried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Frailty theory research –accumulation of deficits

A

Rockwood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 identifiers with cycle of frailty

A 
chronic under nutrition 
sarcopenia 
decreased strength and power 
walking speed 
decreased activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Age related loss of lean body mass

A

Sarcopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

freid definition of frailty is the presence of 3 or more of the following 5 things:

A 
Unintended weight loss
Exhaustion
Slow walking speed 
Low physical activity
Weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Screening for frailty

Assessment

A

AGS Frailty tool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chief complaint-absent
S&S do not point to one organ system or one disease
Any stressor can become a risk for health outcomes
Impact on function

A

assessment issues with frailty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 domains of cognition

A 
memory 
executive functioning (ability to make decisions)
attention
language 
visual spatial perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does NOT interfere with independence
IADL’s are intact
NOT delirium or other mental disorder

A

mild cognitive impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disrupted Alpha-synuclein protein inside the cell destroying the neuron

Motor deficits
visual hallucinations/delusions
Parkinsonism
Fluctuating changes in alertness & attention

A

Lewy Body Dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blocked or reduced blood flow to brain

often occurs after a stroke

will not change or get worse unless another stroke occurs

A

Vascular Dementia

22
Q

Average age of onset is 50-60

Group of disorders caused by progressive nerve cell loss in frontal lobes or temporal lobes

Behavior type-change in personality/behavior, angry, hyperorality, impulse control issues, executive function

A

Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia

23
Q

Accumulation of extracellular protein plaques

Prevents communication between neurons

A

Alzheimer’s disease

24
Q

7 Sensory Changes with Alzheimer’s

A 
Decreased contrast sensitivity
Tunnel vision
Motion blindness
Depth perception
Touch (hot and cold)

Auditory processing
(Sensitivity to sounds)
(Speech issues)
(Loud noises)

25
Q

AD where:

genetic mutations-apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene

Are heart and brain health related?
Women?

A

Late onset

26
Q

AD where

associated with mutated gene APP (amyloid precursor proteins)

Rare accounts for approx. 3% of all AD cases

A

Early onset familial AD (FAD)

before age 60

27
Q

8 questions to ask the family members for AD

A

AD8

28
Q

6 diagnostic labs to rule out dementia

A

CBC, TSH, u/a, LFT, Vit B12, ECG,

29
Q

stage in AD where

Measurable changes of biomarkers in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood
(Only used for research purposes)

NO noticeable symptoms of AD

A

preclinical

30
Q

Mild impairment in memory or one cognitive domain without impact on function

A

mild cognitive impairment

31
Q

% of patients with MCI convert to AD annually

A

12%

32
Q

stage of AD where

Occasional forgetfulness, misplacing objects, difficulty planning, speech i.e. trouble finding the right word

A

mild

33
Q

stage of AD where

Forgetting own history, inappropriate clothing, wandering, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD)

A

moderate

34
Q

stage of AD where

Continuous assistance with ADL’s, physical decline i.e. immobility, dysphasia, inability to communicate meaning fully, increased susceptibility to infection

A

severe

35
Q

Slow break down of neurotransmitter acetylcholine
(Acetylcholine is related to memory)

Modest delay in cognitive decline in early to moderate dementia
(AD & Lewy body hallucinations)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

36
Q

Reduces glutamate- mediated excitability

Modest beneficial effects on cognition, ADL’s and behavior in moderate to advanced dementia

A

Memantine

37
Q

6 Behavioral & Psychological Symptoms of Dementia

A 
aggression 
mania 
agitation 
psychosis 
depression
apathy
38
Q

What the drug does to the body

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS

39
Q

why should you start low with medications in older adults

A

Changes in volume of distribution, protein binding and pharmacodynamics

40
Q

why should you go slow with medications in older adults

A

Changes in metabolism and excretion

41
Q

Polypharmacy

> __ meds

A

5

42
Q

4 common side effects of Anticholinergics

A

Sedation
Confusion
Urinary retention
Constipation

43
Q

unfavorable & unexpected medical event r/t drug

May need to be reported to FDA

Unpredictable

A

adverse drug event

44
Q

can cause harm even if drug dosage was within normal limits

Known adverse drug reaction

A

adverse drug reaction

45
Q

2 most common underused drugs

A

Anticoagulants in afib

Anti-platelet therapy in arterial disease

46
Q

5 beers criteria tables

A
  1. potentially inappropriate meds in general
  2. drugs to avoid in older adults with certain diseases
  3. medications to use with caution
  4. meds to be avoided based on kidney function
  5. list of common drug drug interaction
47
Q

Addresses PIMs associated with ADR’s

A

STOPP criteria (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions)

48
Q

Addresses prescribing omissions

A

START (Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment)

49
Q

4 steps in deprescribing

A

Assess all meds and indication for use
Consider risk/benefit of medication
Prioritize meds to discontinuation
Implement and monitor discontinuation plan

50
Q

2 screening tools for depression

A

PHQ-2 (patient health questionnaire)

Geriatric Depression Scale

adult gero (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions