Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

adult gero > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how does a person emotionally age

A

psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

asks the question if personalities are stable over time?

A

Continuity Theory

yes they are stable over time unless major illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Older people and society mutually withdraw from each other

Individual gradually disconnects from other people

Gradual disconnection in anticipation of death

A

Disengagement Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

___ of men over age 85 have enlarged prostates

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how we age at the cellular level

A

biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

contribute to many arthritic chronic illness

A

musculoskeletal changes in older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

50% of men over age __ have enlarged prostates

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cardiovascular system for older adults there is a decrease in number of cells in the _______ system

A

Decrease in number of cells in conduction system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Very old 80s-90s –loss of autonomy d/t loss of independence, physical changes, loss of self esteem
frailty

A

Stage 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when a patient is fainting, one thing you want to consider is _____

A

cardiac issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 posture changes with older adults

A

Shortening of trunk
Thin vertebral disks
Stiff and thin cartilage
Forward leaning posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Slower compensatory mechanisms to hypotensive state due to what 3 things

A

Less sensitive baroreceptor
ORTHOSTASIS
Changes in sympathetic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 immune system changes with aging

A

Fewer T cells
B Cells-slowed response
Difficulty responding to new/novel pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adults > 50, lose __-__% of muscle mass & strength per year

A

1-2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 reasons for swallowing troubles with older adults

A

Aging GI tract
Slow peristalsis
Fewer digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hayflick 3 phases:

A

Rapid healthy cell division

Mitosis slows

Senescence-cells stopped dividing but stayed alive for a period of time until trauma or apoptosis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

7 skin changes with older adults

A

Decreased elasticity

Slower healing

Fragile

Shear stress

Dryer skin

Vitamin D synthesis

Less sub q fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when prescribing medications to older adults, what are the 3 main things

A

loss of lean muscle mass (consider for protein bound medications)

less body water (loss dose for drugs because drug more concentrated)

Relative > fat (redistributed into abdomen) (psych meds, stays in fat longer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in older adults __% of women and __% of men say they are unable to lift or carry 10 lb

A

30% of women and 15% of men say they are unable to lift or carry 10 lb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

6 Temperature Regulation changes with older aging

A 
Lower normal body temperature
Ability to sense temp changes  decreases
Ability to respond to temp changes decreases
Shivering requires normal muscle mass
Atrophy of sweat glands
decreased circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

________ gradually increases until about age 60, which is one of the reasons why adults have increasing trouble on amusement park rides as they age”

A

Vestibular sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time.

A

Free Radical Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

response appears unchanged for long periods

A

Resting performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 Normal CNS Aging Changes

A

Smaller brain
Fewer neurons
Dendrite abnormalities
Slower central processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

looks at aging as a programmed event (specific point in time where you get old)

A

nonstochastic theories of aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the normal progressive decline in function and ability to respond to to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli.

A

aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

changes in the bladder with aging

A

decreased bladder size
increased frequency (slow increase)
nocturia (can also be a sign of disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stage of personality where:

Feeling guilt about past
Perceives self as not having accomplished life’s goals
Dissatisfaction and despair
Depression and hopelessness

A

Despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2 kidneys, 2 lungs

are examples of

A

Anatomic reserves

30
Q

4 age related changes in the GI systemm

A

decrease in smell
decreased taste
decreased thirst
decreased ability to chew

31
Q

frailty as the occurrence of three or more of the following:

A

unintentional weight loss (10 lbs in past year)

self-reported exhaustion

weak-ness (reduced grip strength),

slow walking speed,

low physical activity”

32
Q

2 normal blood vessel changes in aging

A

Slight increase in B/P (4-5)

Slower compensatory mechanisms to hypotensive state

33
Q

what is a fever in an older adult

A

99.0

34
Q

theory of aging that believes older adults should stay active for as long as possible (physically and mentally)

A

activity theory of aging

35
Q

“The age at which reading glasses are needed because of reduced lens elasticity is between ___ &__

A

42 and 50.

36
Q

when prescribing psych medications to older adults, you need to consider the loss of

A

Relative > fat (redistributed into abdomen) (psych meds, stays in fat longer)

37
Q

3 changes in the lungs with aging

A

decreased Elasticity

Fewer alveoli & capillaries

decreased Respiratory volumes & capacity

38
Q

Most common cause of disability in late life

A

musculoskeletal changes in older adults

39
Q

Somewhere between ___-__% of men develop symptoms of BPH

A

40-50%

40
Q

two normal aging changes

A

increased risk for age related disease

diseases that accelerate the aging proces

41
Q

4 Influences of aging

A

Vulnerability to illness
Severity of illness
Management of illness
Geriatric syndromes

42
Q

when prescribing protein bound medications to older adults, you need to consider the loss of

A

lean muscle mass

43
Q

___% of older adults have difficulty with common tasks-walking 2-3 blocks

A

40%

44
Q

loss of smell with aging is due to

moisture producing cells gradually reduce their ____ output or change it’s ____ . And unbathed olfactory bulbs can’t hold the odor long enough to be picked up by the nerve that carries it to the brain.

A

moisture producing cells gradually reduce their mucus output or change texture . And unbathed olfactory bulbs can’t hold the odor long enough to be picked up by the nerve that carries it to the brain.

45
Q

This rule states that, of changes often attributed to normal aging by the general public and in past decades by the medical profession

one fourth is due to _______
one fourth to ______
one fourth to ______
one fourth to ________

A

one fourth is due to disease
one fourth to disuse
one fourth to misuse
one fourth to physiologic aging

46
Q

muscle loss related to aging

A

Sarcopenia

47
Q

with height;

Between __and ____ years of age, men lose about 1 inch and women 2 inches.

After 80, each may lose another _____

A

30 and 70

inch

48
Q

4 joint changes with older adults

A

Thinning of cartilage
Synovial membrane becomes stiffer
Decreased hydration
Slow repair of injury

49
Q

3 Neurotransmitter aging changes

A

< acetylcholine
Memory & learning

< dopamine
Age related motor deficits

< serotonin
Sleep problems & depression

50
Q

deposits of lipofuscin in the skin

A

Lentigo

51
Q

aging related changes in the pineal gland cause

A

Reduced melatonin resulting in sleep disturbances

52
Q

is aging a homogenous process

A

NO

organs in the same person age at different rates, by different mechanisms and are influenced by multiple factors

53
Q

A healthy individual is considered to attain the peakphysiologic reserveat the age of ___, after which thereservestarts to decline as the individual ages.

A

25

54
Q

age related changes in the stomach

A

Slowed emptying

decreased early satiety

Increase in gastritis r/t medications NSAIDs & Bisphosphonates

55
Q

Theory of aging where every time a cell divides a piece of the telomere (Specialized DNA sequences at end of chromosomes to protect chromosome) is removed

A

Telomere Theory

56
Q

what are the three main theories of aging

A

biologic
psychological
sociological

57
Q

More RBC carry a little more O2 than is needed by tissues

Bones store a little extra calcium

are examples of:

A

physiologic reserves

58
Q

Stress performance due to loss of physiologic reserve can cause what 4 things

A

Blunted maximal response
Delays in reaching peak levels
Delays to returning to base level
Endpoint is frailty

59
Q

where do older adults fit into society (useful vs not useful)

A

sociological

60
Q

3 bone changes with aging

A

Changes in bone metabolism
(Slower osteoblast and faster osteoclast activity Slower rate of repair if fracture occurs)

Loss of mineral
Calcium & Vitamin D

decreased weight bearing exercises often reduced in older adults

61
Q

renal changes with aging:

Ability to adapt to changes in ____ &____load is compromised

Impact medication_______

Decreased Vitamin____

Older kidney is at higher risk _____

A

Acid base balance normal at rest but difficult to maintain homeostasis during stress

Ability to adapt to changes in salt and water load is compromised

Impact medication clearance

Decreased Vitamin D

Older kidney is at higher risk for nephrotoxicity

62
Q

aging related changes in the thyroid gland cause what 4 things

A

Atrophy
Increased fibrosis and nodules formation
T4 production declines, but clearance is slowed
Serum T4 appears normal

63
Q

Aging is always true for what 3 things

A

Universal for everyone
Progressive
Decremental

64
Q

No age r/t change in ejection fraction, cardiac output, or stroke volume at ______

Slower response to ________stressors, ie exercise, illness

Stiff ______

_______ of muscle wall

A

No age r/t change in ejection fraction, cardiac output, or stroke volume at rest

Slower response to metabolic stressors, ie exercise, illness

Stiff valves

Hypertrophy of muscle wall

65
Q

stage of personality where:

Learning to be retired—search for meaning
Contemplating accomplishments
Feeling successful
Wisdom

A

Ego Integrity

66
Q

aging is the result of a lot of accidents (everyone is different) random and unpredictable

A

stochastic theories of aging

67
Q

Impact of decreased cardiac physiologic reserve

A

Compromised response to stress

Decreased maximal heart rate
decreased exercise tolerance
SOB
Fatigue
Slow recovery from tachycardia
68
Q

The capability of an organ to carry out its activity under stress is known as____________

A

physiologic reserve

69
Q

Significant decrease in_______ cells by age 75

A

pacemaker

70
Q

biological aging which is a progressive decline and deterioration of functional properties at the cellular, tissue, and organ level that leads to what 2 things

A 
slow homeostasis (homeostenosis?)
 < ability to adapt to stimuli

Decreased physiologic reserve
Changes may not be identified til a critical mass

71
Q

decreased elasticity in aging is due to what 4 things

A

Weaker respiratory muscles
Weak diaphragm
Stiff chest wall
Decrease elastic recoil

72
Q

4 renal changes with aging

A

Kidneys get smaller with age

Slower renal blood flow

Impaired permeability

Serum creatinine may overestimate kidney function in older adults

adult gero (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions