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DAS LVN > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

anuria

A

complete suppression of urine secretion in the kidney.

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2
Q

calculi

A

calculus: an abnormal concretion usually
composed of mineral salts, occurring in the hollow body organs; a “stone,”
as a calculus in the kidney (pl: calculi); deposit on the teeth (tartar).

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3
Q

constipation:

A

difficult or infrequent and

hardened bowel movements.

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4
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of any bladder (most often refers to urinary bladder)

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5
Q

defecation

A

discharge of solid waste matter (feces) from the intestines

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6
Q

dehydration

A

removal of water; lack of fluid/water in the body.

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7
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormal frequency and flu­idity of discharge from the bowels

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8
Q

distention

A

swelling or fullness, as in urinary distention

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9
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination or voiding.

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10
Q

edema

A

abnormal fluid accumulation in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body; puffiness

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11
Q

emesis

A

the act of vomiting; the product

of vomiting, vomitus

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12
Q

enema

A

an injection of fluid or medica­tion into the rectum, usually to induce evacuation of the bowel.

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13
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urine discharge,

usually occurring during sleep; bedwetting.

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14
Q

fecal impaction:

A

accumulation of hard­ened stool in the rectum

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15
Q

flatus

A

gas in the intestines or stomach;

gas expelled through the anus.

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16
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urina­tion or defecation (adj: incontinent).

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17
Q

kegel exercises

A

exercises designed to
increase sphincter tone by tightening, holding, and releasing the muscles of the pelvic floor and sphincter, used to improve incontinence.

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18
Q

melena

A

passage of dark-colored stools containing partially or fully digested blood; also used to mean abnormal blood in the stool or vomitus.

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19
Q

micturition

A

passage of urine from the urinary bladder; also called voiding, urinating.

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20
Q

nocturia

A 
excessive voiding  (urination)
during the night.
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21
Q

oliguria

A

deficient urinary secretion or infrequent urination.

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22
Q

polyuria

A

voiding an excessive amount of urine.

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23
Q

projectile vomiting

A

emesis expelled with great force

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24
Q

renal colic

A

severe, penetrating lower back pain, caused by a stone becom­ing lodged in the ureter.

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25
Q

steatorrhea

A

excess fecal fat; occurs in

malabsorption syndromes or deficien­cies of pancreatic enzymes, often causes floating stools.

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26
Q

urgency

A

desire or sensation of needing to void immediately

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27
Q

urinary catheter

A

tube inserted into the

bladder through the urethra to remove urine.

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28
Q

urinary frequency

A

voiding more often than usual without an increase in total urine volume.

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29
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to empty the bladder of urine.

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30
Q

urinary suppression

A

stopping or inhi­bition of urination. Suppression of secretion-urine is not formed. Suppression of excretion-urine is not expelled.

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31
Q

voiding

A

to cast out wastes, as to urinate,

micturate

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32
Q

vomitus

A

stomach contents expelled by vomitus

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33
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

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34
Q

BRP

A

bathroom privileges

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35
Q

BS

A

bowel sounds

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36
Q

I & O

A

intake and output

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37
Q

SP

A

suprapubic (catheter)

NOT S/P which is status post

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38
Q

TWE

A

tap water enema

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39
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

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40
Q

aesthetic needs

A

needs more complex than simply physical needs necessary for survival; needs met to give quality to life.

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41
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

established by Maslow, the hierarchy categorizes human needs from the most basic vital needs, survival needs (neces­sary to life), up through higher-level needs such as beauty, love, and learning.

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42
Q

physiologic needs

A

needs required to sustain life such as oxygen, food, water, and elimination; survival needs

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43
Q

primary needs

A

needs that must be satisfied before attempting to meet other needs (such as oxygen, food, water, and elimination); physiologic needs, survival needs.

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44
Q

psychological needs

A

those human needs related to safety and security.

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45
Q

regression

A

return to a former state, as a

child regresses when ill. Regression of a disease process refers to its relief or subsiding.

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46
Q

secondary needs

A

needs, according to Maslow, that don’t sustain life, but enhance quality of life (such as beauty, learning, and love). A person must meet primary needs before

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47
Q

self-actualized

A

according to Maslow,state of being fulfilled, complete, and reaching full potential.

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48
Q

self-esteem:

A

how one feels about oneself; self-respect, self-worth, self-image.

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49
Q

social needs

A

needs for love and belonging.

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50
Q

survival needs

A

according to Maslow, those needs that are vital to sustain life; primary needs, physiologic needs.

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51
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite for food, refusal to eat.

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52
Q

bland diet

A

diet that is limited in gastric acid stimulants.

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53
Q

carbohydrate-controlled diet

A

approach to eating which focuses on consistency in the amount of carbohydrates consumed, especially useful in maintaining healthy blood sugar and fat levels for diabetics

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54
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing.

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55
Q

edentulous

A

edentia: absence of teeth. (adj:

edentulous)

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56
Q

fat-controlled diet

A

approach to eating which focuses on altering both the total amount and type of fat consumed in order to lower elevated levels of blood lipids

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57
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excess fat in the blood.

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58
Q

infusion

A

slow induction of fluids (not blood) into a vein, as an intravenous (IV) infusion.

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59
Q

ketogenic diet

A

approach to eating

that is extremely low in carbohy­drates and very high in fat, aimed at controlling seizures, especially in children.

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60
Q

liquid diet

A

approach to eating that con­sists entirely of liquids, used mostly during acute illnesses or certain body disturbances such as gastrointestinal irritation

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61
Q

low-fiber diet

A

diet low in fiber? not in glossary

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62
Q

low-residue diet

A

approach to eating composed of foods that the body can absorb completely so that little residue is left over for the formation of feces and is prescribed for severe diarrhea, colitis, diverticulitis, other gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal obstruction, and before and after intestinal surgery; also known as a fiber-controlled diet.

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63
Q

modified diet

A

approach to eating that has been specifically altered (whether in vitamins, nutrients, serving size, etc.) to meet the individual needs of a client

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64
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst.

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65
Q

soft diet

A

a nutritionally adequate diet that is low in fiber, connective tissue, and fat.

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66
Q

stoma

A

an opening on a free surface, such
as a pore; an artificially created open­ing between a body cavity and the body’s surface, such as the stoma of a colostomy, ileostomy, or tracheostomy

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67
Q

therapeutic diet

A

approach to eating

that is prescribed as part of the treat­ment of more than one disease or condition.

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68
Q

tube feeding

A

providing liquid nourish­ment through a tube into the intestinal tract.

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69
Q

DAT

A

diet as tolerated

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70
Q

G tube

A

gastrostomy tube

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71
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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72
Q

IV

A

intravenous; intravascular (procedure)

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73
Q

J tube

A

jejunostomy tube

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74
Q

NG tube

A

nasogastric tube

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75
Q

PEG

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube

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76
Q

PPN

A

peripheral parenteral nutrition

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77
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition

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78
Q

acromegaly

A

condition resulting from overproduction of a pituitary hormone.

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79
Q

Addison’s disease

A

a condition caused by the destruction or degeneration of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms include a darkening of the skin and oral mucous membranes, dehydration, anemia, weight loss, low blood pressure, and thinning hair.

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80
Q

congenital hypothyroidism

A

congenital: existing at birth (may be genetic/inherited or acquired), as in congenital disorders.
hypothyroidism: condition that occurs
as a result of a deficiency in thyroid secretion which lowers metabolism.

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81
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

condition that results from overproduction of hormones secreted by the adrenal gland. Signs and symptoms include a rounded face, heavy abdomen, thin arms and legs, weakness, soft bones, edema, hypokalemia, and urinary retention.

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82
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

disease that results from an underproduction of antidi­uretic hormone

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83
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic condition involving elevated levels of glucose in the blood.

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84
Q

endocrinologist

A

physician who special­izes in the treatment of disorders of the endocrine system

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85
Q

giantism

A

excessive bone growth, resulting from overproduction of somatotropin (growth hormone).

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86
Q

glycemic index:

A

a measurement of how foods containing carbohydrates (starchy foods such as potatoes, bread, or cereals) raise blood glucose levels. Carbohydrates are compared to a standard known carbohydrate such as glucose or white bread.

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87
Q

goiter

A

an enlargement of the thyroid

gland, causing a swelling in the front part of the neck

88
Q

Graves’ disease

A

a condition that includes goiter, thyrotoxicosis, exophthalmos, and sometimes skin changes

89
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

hypothyroid­ ism believed to be autoimmune in origin.

90
Q

hyperglycemia

A

abnormally high blood

sugar.

91
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

condition that stems from an excess of parathor­mone, causing elevated blood calcium levels, resulting in calcium depletion in the bones.

92
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive functioning of the thyroid gland, causing exces­sive thyroid hormone in the body.

93
Q

insulin resistance

A

a decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin that occurs in people who have type 2 diabetes mellitus.

94
Q

ketoacidosis

A

ketoacidosis: (see ketosis).
ketosis: an increase in ketone bodies in
the body tissues and fluids; also called ketoacidosis, a complication of dia­betes mellitus.

95
Q

metabolic syndrome:

A

a combination of at least three conditions that are com­monly found in a pre-diabetic or diag­nosed diabetic state, to include: abdominal obesity, hypertension, low HDL, elevated cholesterol, elevated triglyceride levels, high blood glucose, and/or insulin resistance

96
Q

myxedema

A

condition that results from hypothyroidism (lack of the hormone thyroxine). (The adult form is cretinism.)

97
Q

negative feedback system

A

a system by which once a gland stimulates another gland to produce a hormone and the hormone level rises highly enough, the first gland stops stimulating the target gland and stops the hormone release.

98
Q

nephropathy

A

kidney disease

99
Q

neuropathy

A

nerve damage.

100
Q

pheochromocytoma:

A

a catecholamine­ secreting tumor

catecholamines, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, which mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous sys­tem and help stimulate the “fight or flight” reaction. The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids.

101
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

102
Q

polyphagia

A

an abnormal craving for all kinds of food

103
Q

polyuria

A

voiding an excessive amount of urine.

104
Q

prediabetes

A

the condition of impaired glucose homeostasis (IGH) that occurs when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for the definitive diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; may also be referred to as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

105
Q

retinopathy

A

any noninflammatory disorder of the retina of the eye, as diabetic retinopathy (which may lead to blindness).

106
Q

Somogyi phenomenon:

A

condition in dia­betes mellitus in which overtreatment with insulin causes hypoglycemia. This is followed by a compensatory period of rebound hyperglycemia as the body tries to correct the initial problem by increasing glucose production.

107
Q

thyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of the

thyroid gland

108
Q

2-h PG

A

2 hour postprandial

109
Q

ACE

A

all cotton elastic bandage; angiotensin-converting enzyme

110
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

111
Q

BGM

A

blood glucose monitoring

112
Q

BIDS

A

bedtime insulin and daytime sulfonylureas

113
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

114
Q

eAG

A

estimated average glucose

115
Q

FPG

A

fasting plasma glucose

116
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

117
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

118
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

119
Q

GI

A

glycemic index

120
Q

HA I C (HAIC, HbAIC) IC’S subscript

A

glycosylated hemoglobin

121
Q

IDDM

A

insulin-dependent diabetes meillitus

122
Q

IFG

A

impaired fasting glucose

123
Q

IGH

A

impaired glucose homeostasis

124
Q

IGT

A

impaired glucose tolerance

125
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

126
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

127
Q

MMI

A

methimazole

128
Q

NIDDM

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

129
Q

NPH

A

not in APP B?

130
Q

OGTT

A

not in APP B?

131
Q

pH

A

potential (power) of hydrogen (hydrogen ion concentration.

132
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone; parathormone

133
Q

PTU

A

propylthiouracil

134
Q

RAI / RAIU

A

Radioactive iodine (uptake)

135
Q

SIADH

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

136
Q

SMBG

A

self-monitoring of blood glucose

137
Q

STH

A

somatotrophic hormone (somatotropin)

138
Q

T3 (3 is subscript)

A

triiodothyronine

139
Q

T4 (4 is subscript)

A

thyroxine

140
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

141
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

142
Q

VMA

A

vanillylmandelic acid

143
Q

aquathermia pad

A

pad which produces a dry heat by the use of temperature­ controlled water flowing through a waterproof shell.

144
Q

hypothermia

A

low body temperature; also a syndrome (accidental hypother­mia), caused by exposure to cold, which may be fatal. Hypothermia may also be induced for therapeutic pur­poses such as surgery, or pathologic as a result of faulty thermoregulation (temperature control).

145
Q

normothermia

A

normal body temperature

146
Q

sitz bath

A

a bath used to apply heat to

the pelvic area.

147
Q

tepid sponge bath

A

bath with water below body temperature, 70 to 85° F, used to reduce fever.

148
Q

Aqua-K Pad

A

aquathermia pad - produces dry heat used to treat muscle sprains and mild inflammations and for pain relief

149
Q

IR

A

infrared (rays); immediate release (medication)

150
Q

SSI

A

surgical site infections

151
Q

US

A

ultrasound

152
Q

UV

A

ultraviolet

153
Q

WA

A

while awake

154
Q

AMBU bag

A

manual breathing bag (AMBU bag):

bag that affords high oxygen concentrations and effective and sanitary resuscitation.

155
Q

anaphylaxis

A

serious state of shock resulting from hypersensitivity to an allergen; also called anaphylactic effect.

156
Q

antidote

A

an agent that counteracts the

effects of a poison

157
Q

avulsion injury

A

the tearing away of a structure or part, as an avulsion injury when a tooth is knocked out.

158
Q

bandage

A

a strip of material (gauze, tape, cloth, etc.) used to cover a wound or to hold a dressing in place, in order to give support or to apply pressure. (verb: to apply a bandage, to bandage)

159
Q

biological death:

A

permanent and irreversible cessation of the body’s physi­cal and chemical processes and failure of body cells.

160
Q

cafe coronary:

A

slang term for a person who dies by choking while eating, often after rushing from a restaurant to avoid embarrassment.

161
Q

caustic: burning

A

destructive to tissues

162
Q

clinical death

A

absence of heartbeat and cessation of breathing.

163
Q

code

A

predetermined phrase or term used

by healthcare professionals in an emer­gency situation that is activated to alert all necessary personnel to action.

164
Q

debride

A

cut away

“the nurse will debride any loose tissue of a puncture wound”

165
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of a bone from a joint.

166
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

167
Q

extrication

A

emergency removal of a victim, performed only when the dan­ger of injury by remaining in the same place is greater than the risk of aggra­vating existing injuries by moving

168
Q

fracture

A

a break, as in a bone.

169
Q

frostbite

A

freezing of tissue caused by exposure to cold

170
Q

heat cramps

A

cramps that may occur after hard exertion when a person sweats profusely; usually located in the legs, arms, or abdomen.

171
Q

heat exhaustion

A

a serious blood flow disturbance similar to shock that results from not taking in enough water and sodium to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

172
Q

Heat Index

A

measure of heat expressed in terms of what “the temperature feels like”, a combination of heat and humidity. The higher the number the higher the chance of heat-related injuries

173
Q

heat stroke

A

classic heat stroke occurs when the body’s heat-regulating mechanisms fail and core temperature soars; exertional heat stroke develops from an increased internal heat load due to muscular exertion, along with high external temperatures and humidity.

174
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive bleeding (inter­nal or external); escape

175
Q

hypothermia:

A

low body temperature; also a syndrome (accidental hypother­mia), caused by exposure to cold, which may be fatal. Hypothermia may also be induced for therapeutic pur­poses such as surgery, or pathologic as a result of faulty thermoregulation (temperature control

176
Q

intrusion injury

A

an injury in which a structure or part is pushed out of place into the body

177
Q

intubation

A

a procedure by which an

endotracheal tube is inserted through the mouth down into the trachea past the vocal cords

178
Q

mediastinal shift

A

during a traumatic

injury, shift of the heart, great vessels, and trachea to the side opposite the injury.

179
Q

near drowning

A

recovery that occurs after submersion in liquid and appar­ent cessation of body processes.

180
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapse of a lung, due to air or gas in the chest cavity.

181
Q

poison

A

any substance that affects health or threatens life when absorbed into the body or when in contact with the body surface.

182
Q

rabies

A

an acute infectious disease of

the central nervous system that can be transmitted by an animal bite.

183
Q

shock

A

depression of body functions due to the failure of the circulation or loss of blood.

184
Q

splint

A

an appliance, either rigid or flexi­ble, that holds body parts in place, as an arm splint. (verb: splint-to pro­ vide firm support as postoperative splinting or a splint to immobilize a fracture.)

185
Q

sprain

A

twisting a joint with rupture of

ligaments (not a fracture) and possibly other damage to blood

186
Q

strain

A

overextension of a muscle

187
Q

stridor

A

a shrill and harsh sound (usually refers to the inspiratory sound that occurs when the larynx is obstructed).

188
Q

sudden death

A

a situation in which breathing and heartbeat stop; also called cardiopulmonary arrest

189
Q

syncope

A

fainting, caused by an insuffi­cient supply of blood and oxygen to the brain

190
Q

thrombolytic

A

type of medication designed to dissolve a clot and clear a blocked blood vessel.

191
Q

tourniquet

A

a device used to inhibit bleeding

192
Q

toxin

A

poison; especially refers to pro­tein poisons produced by pathogenic bacteria and some animals and plants

193
Q

trauma

A

a wound or injury from an external source

194
Q

triage

A

sorting out of victims of disaster

to determine the priority of treatment

195
Q

wind chill factor

A

mathematical calcula­tion of temperature and wind speed.

196
Q

ABCDE

A 
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Expose and Examine
197
Q

ACLS

A

advanced cardiac life support

198
Q

AED

A

automated external defribillator

199
Q

AVPU

A

Alert
verbal
pain
unresponsive

200
Q

BCLS

A

basic cardiac life support

201
Q

CMS

A

centers for Medicare and Medicaid

202
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmaonary resuscitation

203
Q

DNI

A

do not intubate

204
Q

DNR

A

do not resuscitate

205
Q

EMS

A

emergency medical services

206
Q

EMT

A

emergency medical technician

207
Q

HAZMAT

A

hazardous materials

208
Q

ICP

A

Intracranial pressure

209
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

210
Q

MAST

A

Military antishock trousers

211
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction or Mental Illness

212
Q

MVA

A

Motor vehicle accident

213
Q

PERRLA+C

A 
Pupils 
equal, 
round, 
react to 
light,
accommodation OK
\+and coordinated
214
Q

PTSD

A

post-traumatic stress disorder

215
Q

RICE

A

Rest,
Ice,
Compression
Elevation

216
Q

SIRES

A 
Stabilize
Identify toxin
Reverse effect
Eliminate toxin
Support
217
Q

SIRS

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

DAS LVN (2 decks)

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