Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
anuria
A
complete suppression of urine secretion in the kidney.
2
Q
calculi
A
calculus: an abnormal concretion usually
composed of mineral salts, occurring in the hollow body organs; a “stone,”
as a calculus in the kidney (pl: calculi); deposit on the teeth (tartar).
3
Q
constipation:
A
difficult or infrequent and
hardened bowel movements.
4
Q
cystitis
A
inflammation of any bladder (most often refers to urinary bladder)
5
Q
defecation
A
discharge of solid waste matter (feces) from the intestines
6
Q
dehydration
A
removal of water; lack of fluid/water in the body.
7
Q
diarrhea
A
abnormal frequency and fluidity of discharge from the bowels
8
Q
distention
A
swelling or fullness, as in urinary distention
9
Q
dysuria
A
difficult or painful urination or voiding.
10
Q
edema
A
abnormal fluid accumulation in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body; puffiness
11
Q
emesis
A
the act of vomiting; the product
of vomiting, vomitus
12
Q
enema
A
an injection of fluid or medication into the rectum, usually to induce evacuation of the bowel.
13
Q
enuresis
A
involuntary urine discharge,
usually occurring during sleep; bedwetting.
14
Q
fecal impaction:
A
accumulation of hardened stool in the rectum
15
Q
flatus
A
gas in the intestines or stomach;
gas expelled through the anus.
16
Q
incontinence
A
inability to control urination or defecation (adj: incontinent).
17
Q
kegel exercises
A
exercises designed to
increase sphincter tone by tightening, holding, and releasing the muscles of the pelvic floor and sphincter, used to improve incontinence.
18
Q
melena
A
passage of dark-colored stools containing partially or fully digested blood; also used to mean abnormal blood in the stool or vomitus.
19
Q
micturition
A
passage of urine from the urinary bladder; also called voiding, urinating.
20
Q
nocturia
A
excessive voiding (urination) during the night.
21
Q
oliguria
A
deficient urinary secretion or infrequent urination.
22
Q
polyuria
A
voiding an excessive amount of urine.
23
Q
projectile vomiting
A
emesis expelled with great force
24
Q
renal colic
A
severe, penetrating lower back pain, caused by a stone becoming lodged in the ureter.
25
steatorrhea
excess fecal fat; occurs in
| malabsorption syndromes or deficiencies of pancreatic enzymes, often causes floating stools.
26
urgency
desire or sensation of needing to void immediately
27
urinary catheter
tube inserted into the
| bladder through the urethra to remove urine.
28
urinary frequency
voiding more often than usual without an increase in total urine volume.
29
urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder of urine.
30
urinary suppression
stopping or inhibition of urination. Suppression of secretion-urine is not formed. Suppression of excretion-urine is not expelled.
31
voiding
to cast out wastes, as to urinate,
| micturate
32
vomitus
stomach contents expelled by vomitus
33
BM
bowel movement
34
BRP
bathroom privileges
35
BS
bowel sounds
36
I & O
intake and output
37
SP
suprapubic (catheter)
NOT S/P which is status post
38
TWE
tap water enema
39
UTI
urinary tract infection
40
aesthetic needs
needs more complex than simply physical needs necessary for survival; needs met to give quality to life.
41
hierarchy of needs
established by Maslow, the hierarchy categorizes human needs from the most basic vital needs, survival needs (necessary to life), up through higher-level needs such as beauty, love, and learning.
42
physiologic needs
needs required to sustain life such as oxygen, food, water, and elimination; survival needs
43
primary needs
needs that must be satisfied before attempting to meet other needs (such as oxygen, food, water, and elimination); physiologic needs, survival needs.
44
psychological needs
those human needs related to safety and security.
45
regression
return to a former state, as a
| child regresses when ill. Regression of a disease process refers to its relief or subsiding.
46
secondary needs
needs, according to Maslow, that don't sustain life, but enhance quality of life (such as beauty, learning, and love). A person must meet primary needs before
47
self-actualized
according to Maslow,state of being fulfilled, complete, and reaching full potential.
48
self-esteem:
how one feels about oneself; self-respect, self-worth, self-image.
49
social needs
needs for love and belonging.
50
survival needs
according to Maslow, those needs that are vital to sustain life; primary needs, physiologic needs.
51
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite for food, refusal to eat.
52
bland diet
diet that is limited in gastric acid stimulants.
53
carbohydrate-controlled diet
approach to eating which focuses on consistency in the amount of carbohydrates consumed, especially useful in maintaining healthy blood sugar and fat levels for diabetics
54
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing.
55
edentulous
edentia: absence of teeth. (adj:
| edentulous)
56
fat-controlled diet
approach to eating which focuses on altering both the total amount and type of fat consumed in order to lower elevated levels of blood lipids
57
hyperlipidemia
excess fat in the blood.
58
infusion
slow induction of fluids (not blood) into a vein, as an intravenous (IV) infusion.
59
ketogenic diet
approach to eating
| that is extremely low in carbohydrates and very high in fat, aimed at controlling seizures, especially in children.
60
liquid diet
approach to eating that consists entirely of liquids, used mostly during acute illnesses or certain body disturbances such as gastrointestinal irritation
61
low-fiber diet
diet low in fiber? not in glossary
62
low-residue diet
approach to eating composed of foods that the body can absorb completely so that little residue is left over for the formation of feces and is prescribed for severe diarrhea, colitis, diverticulitis, other gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal obstruction, and before and after intestinal surgery; also known as a fiber-controlled diet.
63
modified diet
approach to eating that has been specifically altered (whether in vitamins, nutrients, serving size, etc.) to meet the individual needs of a client
64
polydipsia
excessive thirst.
65
soft diet
a nutritionally adequate diet that is low in fiber, connective tissue, and fat.
66
stoma
an opening on a free surface, such
as a pore; an artificially created opening between a body cavity and the body's surface, such as the stoma of a colostomy, ileostomy, or tracheostomy
67
therapeutic diet
approach to eating
| that is prescribed as part of the treatment of more than one disease or condition.
68
tube feeding
providing liquid nourishment through a tube into the intestinal tract.
69
DAT
diet as tolerated
70
G tube
gastrostomy tube
71
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
72
IV
intravenous; intravascular (procedure)
73
J tube
jejunostomy tube
74
NG tube
nasogastric tube
75
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube
76
PPN
peripheral parenteral nutrition
77
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
78
acromegaly
condition resulting from overproduction of a pituitary hormone.
79
Addison's disease
a condition caused by the destruction or degeneration of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms include a darkening of the skin and oral mucous membranes, dehydration, anemia, weight loss, low blood pressure, and thinning hair.
80
congenital hypothyroidism
congenital: existing at birth (may be genetic/inherited or acquired), as in congenital disorders.
hypothyroidism: condition that occurs
as a result of a deficiency in thyroid secretion which lowers metabolism.
81
Cushing's syndrome
condition that results from overproduction of hormones secreted by the adrenal gland. Signs and symptoms include a rounded face, heavy abdomen, thin arms and legs, weakness, soft bones, edema, hypokalemia, and urinary retention.
82
diabetes insipidus
disease that results from an underproduction of antidiuretic hormone
83
diabetes mellitus
metabolic condition involving elevated levels of glucose in the blood.
84
endocrinologist
physician who specializes in the treatment of disorders of the endocrine system
85
giantism
excessive bone growth, resulting from overproduction of somatotropin (growth hormone).
86
glycemic index:
a measurement of how foods containing carbohydrates (starchy foods such as potatoes, bread, or cereals) raise blood glucose levels. Carbohydrates are compared to a standard known carbohydrate such as glucose or white bread.
87
goiter
an enlargement of the thyroid
| gland, causing a swelling in the front part of the neck
88
Graves' disease
a condition that includes goiter, thyrotoxicosis, exophthalmos, and sometimes skin changes
89
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
hypothyroid ism believed to be autoimmune in origin.
90
hyperglycemia
abnormally high blood
| sugar.
91
hyperparathyroidism
condition that stems from an excess of parathormone, causing elevated blood calcium levels, resulting in calcium depletion in the bones.
92
hyperthyroidism
excessive functioning of the thyroid gland, causing excessive thyroid hormone in the body.
93
insulin resistance
a decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin that occurs in people who have type 2 diabetes mellitus.
94
ketoacidosis
ketoacidosis: (see ketosis).
ketosis: an increase in ketone bodies in
the body tissues and fluids; also called ketoacidosis, a complication of diabetes mellitus.
95
metabolic syndrome:
a combination of at least three conditions that are commonly found in a pre-diabetic or diagnosed diabetic state, to include: abdominal obesity, hypertension, low HDL, elevated cholesterol, elevated triglyceride levels, high blood glucose, and/or insulin resistance
96
myxedema
condition that results from hypothyroidism (lack of the hormone thyroxine). (The adult form is cretinism.)
97
negative feedback system
a system by which once a gland stimulates another gland to produce a hormone and the hormone level rises highly enough, the first gland stops stimulating the target gland and stops the hormone release.
98
nephropathy
kidney disease
99
neuropathy
nerve damage.
100
pheochromocytoma:
a catecholamine secreting tumor
catecholamines, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, which mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system and help stimulate the "fight or flight" reaction. The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids.
101
polydipsia
excessive thirst
102
polyphagia
an abnormal craving for all kinds of food
103
polyuria
voiding an excessive amount of urine.
104
prediabetes
the condition of impaired glucose homeostasis (IGH) that occurs when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for the definitive diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; may also be referred to as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
105
retinopathy
any noninflammatory disorder of the retina of the eye, as diabetic retinopathy (which may lead to blindness).
106
Somogyi phenomenon:
condition in diabetes mellitus in which overtreatment with insulin causes hypoglycemia. This is followed by a compensatory period of rebound hyperglycemia as the body tries to correct the initial problem by increasing glucose production.
107
thyroidectomy
surgical removal of the
| thyroid gland
108
2-h PG
2 hour postprandial
109
ACE
all cotton elastic bandage; angiotensin-converting enzyme
110
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
111
BGM
blood glucose monitoring
112
BIDS
bedtime insulin and daytime sulfonylureas
113
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
114
eAG
estimated average glucose
115
FPG
fasting plasma glucose
116
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
117
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
118
GH
growth hormone
119
GI
glycemic index
120
HA I C (HAIC, HbAIC) IC'S subscript
glycosylated hemoglobin
121
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes meillitus
122
IFG
impaired fasting glucose
123
IGH
impaired glucose homeostasis
124
IGT
impaired glucose tolerance
125
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
126
LH
luteinizing hormone
127
MMI
methimazole
128
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
129
NPH
not in APP B?
130
OGTT
not in APP B?
131
pH
potential (power) of hydrogen (hydrogen ion concentration.
132
PTH
parathyroid hormone; parathormone
133
PTU
propylthiouracil
134
RAI / RAIU
Radioactive iodine (uptake)
135
SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
136
SMBG
self-monitoring of blood glucose
137
STH
somatotrophic hormone (somatotropin)
138
T3 (3 is subscript)
triiodothyronine
139
T4 (4 is subscript)
thyroxine
140
TFT
thyroid function test
141
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
142
VMA
vanillylmandelic acid
143
aquathermia pad
pad which produces a dry heat by the use of temperature controlled water flowing through a waterproof shell.
144
hypothermia
low body temperature; also a syndrome (accidental hypothermia), caused by exposure to cold, which may be fatal. Hypothermia may also be induced for therapeutic purposes such as surgery, or pathologic as a result of faulty thermoregulation (temperature control).
145
normothermia
normal body temperature
146
sitz bath
a bath used to apply heat to
| the pelvic area.
147
tepid sponge bath
bath with water below body temperature, 70 to 85° F, used to reduce fever.
148
Aqua-K Pad
aquathermia pad - produces dry heat used to treat muscle sprains and mild inflammations and for pain relief
149
IR
infrared (rays); immediate release (medication)
150
SSI
surgical site infections
151
US
ultrasound
152
UV
ultraviolet
153
WA
while awake
154
AMBU bag
manual breathing bag (AMBU bag):
| bag that affords high oxygen concentrations and effective and sanitary resuscitation.
155
anaphylaxis
serious state of shock resulting from hypersensitivity to an allergen; also called anaphylactic effect.
156
antidote
an agent that counteracts the
| effects of a poison
157
avulsion injury
the tearing away of a structure or part, as an avulsion injury when a tooth is knocked out.
158
bandage
a strip of material (gauze, tape, cloth, etc.) used to cover a wound or to hold a dressing in place, in order to give support or to apply pressure. (verb: to apply a bandage, to bandage)
159
biological death:
permanent and irreversible cessation of the body's physical and chemical processes and failure of body cells.
160
cafe coronary:
slang term for a person who dies by choking while eating, often after rushing from a restaurant to avoid embarrassment.
161
caustic: burning
destructive to tissues
162
clinical death
absence of heartbeat and cessation of breathing.
163
code
predetermined phrase or term used
| by healthcare professionals in an emergency situation that is activated to alert all necessary personnel to action.
164
debride
cut away
| "the nurse will debride any loose tissue of a puncture wound"
165
dislocation
displacement of a bone from a joint.
166
epistaxis
nosebleed
167
extrication
emergency removal of a victim, performed only when the danger of injury by remaining in the same place is greater than the risk of aggravating existing injuries by moving
168
fracture
a break, as in a bone.
169
frostbite
freezing of tissue caused by exposure to cold
170
heat cramps
cramps that may occur after hard exertion when a person sweats profusely; usually located in the legs, arms, or abdomen.
171
heat exhaustion
a serious blood flow disturbance similar to shock that results from not taking in enough water and sodium to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
172
Heat Index
measure of heat expressed in terms of what "the temperature feels like", a combination of heat and humidity. The higher the number the higher the chance of heat-related injuries
173
heat stroke
classic heat stroke occurs when the body's heat-regulating mechanisms fail and core temperature soars; exertional heat stroke develops from an increased internal heat load due to muscular exertion, along with high external temperatures and humidity.
174
hemorrhage
excessive bleeding (internal or external); escape
175
hypothermia:
low body temperature; also a syndrome (accidental hypothermia), caused by exposure to cold, which may be fatal. Hypothermia may also be induced for therapeutic purposes such as surgery, or pathologic as a result of faulty thermoregulation (temperature control
176
intrusion injury
an injury in which a structure or part is pushed out of place into the body
177
intubation
a procedure by which an
| endotracheal tube is inserted through the mouth down into the trachea past the vocal cords
178
mediastinal shift
during a traumatic
| injury, shift of the heart, great vessels, and trachea to the side opposite the injury.
179
near drowning
recovery that occurs after submersion in liquid and apparent cessation of body processes.
180
pneumothorax
collapse of a lung, due to air or gas in the chest cavity.
181
poison
any substance that affects health or threatens life when absorbed into the body or when in contact with the body surface.
182
rabies
an acute infectious disease of
| the central nervous system that can be transmitted by an animal bite.
183
shock
depression of body functions due to the failure of the circulation or loss of blood.
184
splint
an appliance, either rigid or flexible, that holds body parts in place, as an arm splint. (verb: splint-to pro vide firm support as postoperative splinting or a splint to immobilize a fracture.)
185
sprain
twisting a joint with rupture of
| ligaments (not a fracture) and possibly other damage to blood
186
strain
overextension of a muscle
187
stridor
a shrill and harsh sound (usually refers to the inspiratory sound that occurs when the larynx is obstructed).
188
sudden death
a situation in which breathing and heartbeat stop; also called cardiopulmonary arrest
189
syncope
fainting, caused by an insufficient supply of blood and oxygen to the brain
190
thrombolytic
type of medication designed to dissolve a clot and clear a blocked blood vessel.
191
tourniquet
a device used to inhibit bleeding
192
toxin
poison; especially refers to protein poisons produced by pathogenic bacteria and some animals and plants
193
trauma
a wound or injury from an external source
194
triage
sorting out of victims of disaster
| to determine the priority of treatment
195
wind chill factor
mathematical calculation of temperature and wind speed.
196
ABCDE
```
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Expose and Examine
```
197
ACLS
advanced cardiac life support
198
AED
automated external defribillator
199
AVPU
Alert
verbal
pain
unresponsive
200
BCLS
basic cardiac life support
201
CMS
centers for Medicare and Medicaid
202
CPR
Cardiopulmaonary resuscitation
203
DNI
do not intubate
204
DNR
do not resuscitate
205
EMS
emergency medical services
206
EMT
emergency medical technician
207
HAZMAT
hazardous materials
208
ICP
Intracranial pressure
209
LOC
level of consciousness
210
MAST
Military antishock trousers
211
MI
Myocardial infarction or Mental Illness
212
MVA
Motor vehicle accident
213
PERRLA+C
```
Pupils
equal,
round,
react to
light,
accommodation OK
+and coordinated
```
214
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
215
RICE
Rest,
Ice,
Compression
Elevation
216
SIRES
```
Stabilize
Identify toxin
Reverse effect
Eliminate toxin
Support
```
217
SIRS
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
