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Biol 469 Neurobiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

that question:
recording current induced by NMDA in a cell that only has NMDAR as a glutamate receptor. (A) has the cell at 0 mV and (B) has the cell at -65 mV. what happens?

A

neither has a current; 0mV is reversal potential and -65mV is where Mg blocks the NMDA receptor.

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2
Q

How many glia are there (comparative to neurons)

A

about even

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3
Q

what do satellite cells do

A

astrocytes but in PNS, metabolic and structural supoort

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4
Q

what do ependymal cells do

A

epithelial linking of ventricles, produce CSF

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5
Q

difference in myelination of oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

A

1 oligo = many axon sections (up to 50)

1 schwann = one axon section

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6
Q

where are oligodendrocytes from in development

A

neural tube

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7
Q

where are schwann cells from in development

A

neural crest

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8
Q

what does myelin do

A

increase rate of passive depolarization –> speed up action potential

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9
Q

what is the major dense line

A

cytoplasmic surface; the area that was the inner part of the membrane that once had cytoplasm

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10
Q

what is the minor dense line

A

extracellular surface; the area that was the outer part of the membrane, the part that faced the exterior

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11
Q

what is the intraperiod line

A

extracellular space between trow minor dense lines

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12
Q

what is the myelin sheath made up of

A

mostly lipid, little protein

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13
Q

what are the major proteins in myelin

A 
Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)
Proteolipid Protein (PLP)
Protein zero (P0)
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14
Q

what protein is only in PNS?

A

P0

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15
Q

what disease is associated with defective P0?

A

Dejerine-Sottas

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16
Q

what disease is associated with defective PMP22?

A

charcot-marie-tooth 1

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17
Q

what disease is associated with defective connexin 32?

A

x-linked charcot-marie-tooth

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18
Q

what disease is associated with defective MBP?

A

shiverer mouse; tremors and eventually seizures

myelin is abnormal in CNS but not in PNS

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19
Q

what is Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

autoimmune demyelination of PNS
triggered by infection
better prognosis than MS

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20
Q

what is MS

A

autoimmune demyelination of CNS
triggered by environmental factors
poor prognosis

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21
Q

what is the most abundant glial type

A

astrocytes

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22
Q

what is the filament protein in astrocytes

A

GFAP

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23
Q

what do astrocytes do

A

homeostasis
neurotransmission
development and plasticity
response to injury

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24
Q

what do astrocytes do for homeostasis

A

energy storage in glycogen
neuronal survival
maintain BBB

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25
Q

what do astrocytes do for neurotransmission

A

reuptake neurotransmitters
release enzymes that degrade/ inactivate NTs
gliotransmission –> release glutamate in wave form

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26
Q

what do astrocytes do or development and plasticity

A

guidance of migrating neurons (radial glia that later form neurons in development)
synapse formation and plasticity neurotransmitters

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27
Q

what do astrocytes do for injury

A

produce glial scars

“astrogliosis”

28
Q

what is a tripartite synapse

A

a synapse with a pre synaptic, post synaptic, and astrocyte endfeet
astrocytes will soak up extra NT

29
Q

how do astrocytes affect the BBB

A

they surround the blood vessels to prevent molecules from leaking through

30
Q

what NT can astrocytes take up

A

glutamate, GABA

31
Q

where do astrocytes take up K+?

A

at synapse and nodes of Ranvier

32
Q

name the 4 atypical neurotransmitter

A

glutamate
ATP
adenosine
serine

33
Q

what activates astrocytes to release NTs?

A

voltage gated Ca2+

34
Q

why are astrocytes important in fMRI

A

they connect neurons to the blood vessels and control the changes in blood oxygen levels, remember fMRI is an indirect measure of activity

35
Q

what is the PNS version of astrocytes

A

satellite cells derived from neural crest

36
Q

where are microglia develop from

A

embryonic yolk sac

37
Q

how do microglia affect development

A

pruning of synapses and dendritic spines

38
Q

which glia have cilia and what do they do

A

ependymal cells, they move the CSF

39
Q

what overarching type of glia is a radial glia cell

A

astrocyte

40
Q

which NT group is also called small molecule NTs

A

Classical

41
Q

which NTs are synthesized at the synaptic terminals

A

classical

42
Q

which NTs are synthesized at the soma

A

neuroactive peptides

43
Q

which NTs are in round vesicles

A

classical

44
Q

which NTs are in large vesicles? what are the vesicles called?

A

neuroactive peptides. dense core vesicles

45
Q

which NTs are exocytosed through CA2+ channels at active zones

A

classical

46
Q

which NTs are exocytosed like glands

A

neuroactive peptides

47
Q

which NTts are released by a single action potential

A

classical

48
Q

which NTs are released by multiple action potentials

A

neuroactive peptides

49
Q

which NTs can be released by the soma and dendrites

A

neuroactive peptides

50
Q

which NTs can be reuptaked

A

classcial

51
Q

what is different about Ach reuptake

A

it is degraded from NE to E then reuptaked

52
Q

which NTs are ONLY classical

A

the amino acids; glutamate, GABA, glycine

53
Q

name the 3 aa NTs

A

GABA, Glutamate, glycine

54
Q

name the 5 biogenic amine NTs

A

dopamine, NE, E, 5-HT, histamine

55
Q

which 3 NTs are the catecholamines? what is a catecholamine?

A

dopamine, NE, and E. They are all derived from tyrosine

can make dopamine into NE and NE into E

56
Q

which enzyme produces ACh

A

choline acetyltransferase

57
Q

what enzyme deactivates ACh and what does it turn it into

A

ACh esterase and it turns into choline

58
Q

what gets taken up after ACh is degraded and by what

A

choline by choline transporter

59
Q

what funct is ACh important for

A

autonomic and somatic motor neurons

60
Q

what areas have cholinergic neurons

A

the entire forebrain

61
Q

what is serotonin derived from

A

tryptophan

62
Q

what does tyrosine hydroxlyase do?

A

turn tyr into dompamine

63
Q

what does dopamine beta hydroxylase do

A

catalyses DA to NE

only in NE-ergic neurons not DA-ergic

64
Q

what is an autoreceptor

A

a receptor on a presynaptic cell that senses NTs released by itself; important for modulating release

65
Q

which NTs have autoreceptors

A

DA, NE

66
Q

what does VMAT do

A

transports monoamines into vesicles

Biol 469 Neurobiology (3 decks)

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