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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria pathogens

A

Meningitides and Gonorrhae

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2
Q

Diplococcus Shape

A

Neisseria and Moraxella

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3
Q

Coccobacilli Shape

A

Haemophilus and Bordetella

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4
Q

Present in the Respiratory Tract

A

MoraxELLA, BordetELLA, LegionELLA

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5
Q

Present in the Respiratory and Genital Tract

A

Chlamydia (envelope) and Mycoplasma (no cell wall)

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6
Q

Organisms that aren’t Gram-Negative

A

Mycoplasma

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7
Q

In Neisseria meningitides, virulence depends on

A

Serogroup (B associated with epidemics) and patient immunity

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8
Q

Neisseria meningitides & gonnorrhoeae is transferred

A

Person to Person

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9
Q

Neisseria & B. Pertussis can be eliminated by chemoprophylaxis?

A

YES

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10
Q

Neisseria and H. influenzae TYPE B can be prevented by vaccination?

A

YES

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11
Q

Epidemic acute bacterial meningitis releases what toxin?

A

Meningococcal Endotoxin

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12
Q

Neisseria meningitides is charactered by

A

petechial rash

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13
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoaea requires what environment to grow?

A

Aerobic (requires O2) warm moist environment

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14
Q

What promotes virulence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Pili (attachment and neutrophil resistance)

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15
Q

Invasion occurs in N. gonorrhoeae by

A

LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) interacts with urethral, cervical endothelial cells to infect

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16
Q

Haemophilus influenzae requires what for growth?

A

RBC (erythrocytes)

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17
Q

H. influenzae is spreaded by

A

Direct Contact or Airborne droplets

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18
Q

H. influenzae type B causes

A

meningitis and epiglottis

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19
Q

H. influenzae non-typeable (no capsule) causes

A

Otitis media, exacerbations of COPD (AECB), CAPneumonia

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20
Q

H. influenze type B requires what treatment?

A

HIGH dose IV Beta-Lactams (3rd Generation Cephalosporins)

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21
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis causes

A

Otitis Media and AECB

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22
Q

Bordetella Pertussis causes

A

WHOOPING COUGH

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23
Q

B. Pertussis can be prevented by

A

TDAP

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24
Q

B. Pertussis virulence factors include:

A

Adhesins (FHA)
Host Defense Evasion (ACT) and (PT)
Ciliate epithelia cell destruction (TCT)

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25
Q

Stages of Whooping Cough

A

Catarrhal - Rhinorrhea, Ocassional Cough
Paroxysmal - Spasms of uncontrollable cough
Convalescent - Recurrance

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26
Q

B. Pertussis Treatment

A

Macrolides (-mycin)

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27
Q

Beta Lactam are NOT active against

A

Legionella
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma

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28
Q

Legionella requires what for growth?

A

L-cysteine

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29
Q

Common pathogen of Legionella?

A

L. Pneumophila

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30
Q

Legionella is present in

A

WATER (Lives in amoebas)

Found in water heaters, air conditioning, cooling towers

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31
Q

Legionella is spread by

A

inhalation of bacteria into lungs

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32
Q

Legionella causes

A

Legionnairs’ disease
(sporadic and epidemic pneumoia)
Indistinguishable from other organisms

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33
Q

Legionella, Chlamydia & Mycoplasma Treatment

A

Macrolides, Tetracyclinies, Fluoroquinolones

NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO BETA LACTAMS

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34
Q

C. Pneumoniae is spread by

A

respiratory secretions via droplets

35
Q

Diagnosis of C. Pneumoniae & C. Trachomatis

A

NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test)

In C. Trachomatis ONLY Trachoma

36
Q

C. Trachomatis infects

A

Ocular (Trachoma) and Genitourinary (STD)

37
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae is spreaded by

A

Droplets (Person to Person)

38
Q

Spirochetes Pathogens

A

T. Pallidum, B. burgdorferi, and Leptospira

39
Q

Treponema pallidum causes

A

SYPHILIS - depends on humans for all nutrients

40
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes

A

LYME DISEASE

41
Q

Treatment of T. Pallidum

A

PENICILLIN

42
Q

B. burgdorferi is spread via

43
Q

Treatment of B. burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)

A

Tetracyclines

44
Q

Gram-negative anaerobic (doesn’t need O2) rods/bacilli (GNAR)

A

Bacteroides sps and Prevotella

45
Q

Most common Bacteroides

A

B. fragilis

46
Q

Bacteroides and Prevotella are commensal symbiotic enteric flora where?

A

Oral pharynx, lower GI tract (colon), vagina

47
Q

Treatment of Bacteroides and Prevotella

A

Metronidazole

48
Q

Zoonotic Gram Negative Rods

A 
Y. entercolitica & Y. pestis
Fracisella Tularnsis (Agent of Bioterrorism)
Brucella
Pasteurella multocida
Rickettsia
49
Q

Y. enterocolitica is spreaded by

A

Contaminated food (pork) or H2O

50
Q

Y. pestis causes

A

Plague (“Black Death”)

51
Q

Y. Pestis is spreaded by

52
Q

Fleas that spread Y. Pestis spread depending on

A

temperature

53
Q

Inhalation of Y. Pestis causes what plague which is also an agent of bioterrorism

54
Q

Y. Pestis via flea bite, bubonic plague are from formed

A

inflamed lymph nodes

55
Q

Rabbits and Rodents are reservoirs for

A

F. tularensis

56
Q

F. tularenis is spreaded by

A

Fleas, ticks, or contact with infected animal

57
Q

Brulosis exists in

A

Cattle, Swine, Goats, Sheep, Camels

*Contact, consumption of raw milk and cheese

58
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

59
Q

Diagnosis of Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Indirect Immunofluorescence

60
Q

Spreading factors of R. rickettsii

A

Fleas, Ticks, Mites

61
Q

Oropharyngeal commensals

62
Q

HACEK are suceptible to

A

3rd Gen Cephalosporins

63
Q

Mycobacterium TB causes

64
Q

Mycobacterium leprae causes

65
Q

Aerobic Acid Fast Bacilli
Slow Growing
Treatment last for months-years
Causes Chronic Infections

A

Mycobacteria

66
Q

M. tuberculosis is spread by

A

inhalation of droplet nuclei

67
Q

M. tuberculosis can be killed by

68
Q

Latent MTB (infectious organisms in your body) can be checked by

A

TB skin test

69
Q

Active MTB (disease with microbiologically identifiable organisms) can be seen by

A

Sputum/Tissue sample, Culture

70
Q

Vaccination for M. tuberculosis

A

BCG (LOW EFFICACY)

71
Q

Live attenuated strain in BCG vaccine (MTB)

72
Q

Treatment of active MTB disease

*Requires susceptibility testing

A 
RIPE
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
73
Q

M. leprae can be spread by

A

Pulmonary or Nasal Droplets (REQUIRES MONTHS OF CLOSE CONTACT)

74
Q

T-Cells play a major role in controlling disease in

A

M. leprae and MTB

75
Q

Treatment of M. leprae

A

6-24 Months

Dapsone, Clofazimine and Rifampin

76
Q

M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) are not spreaded from person to person but

A

OPPORTUNISTIC

77
Q

MAC causes

A

Pulmonary disease in elderly with COPD.
Lymphdenitis in children
Disseminated disease in advanced HIV/AIDS

78
Q

Treatment of MAC

A

NEW macrolides (azithromycin & clarithromycin) & rifabutin

79
Q

Rapid growing Mycobacterium

A

M. Kansasii
M. fortuitum
M. chelone/abscessus

80
Q

M. kansasii causes

A

Pulmonary Disease

81
Q

M. fortuitum cause

A

Extrapulmonary (skin, breast)

82
Q

Causes both Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary

A

M. chelone/abscessus

83
Q

RIPE treatment is only effective in

A

MTB and M. kansasii

PMMI (3 decks)

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