Exam #3- 9-12 Flashcards
Puberty
a brain neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes that take place during the period of development
Timing of early/late puberty affect adolescents
- nutriton
- environment
- family conflict
better for boys to be early (athletic,cool)
not better for girls to be early (early sex, older friends, depression)
Changes in corpus callosum during adolescence
grows thicker and helps the ability of processing information improve
Change in the limbic system during adolescence
involved with emotion and develops at an earlier rate then the rest of the prefrontal cortex
- complete development in early adolescence
Changes in prefrontal cortex during adolescence
increases in brain networks that all different brain regions are apart of
- greater efficiency and focal activation in brain
- not fully developed until early adulthood
Changes in physical activity levels as people progress through adolescence
- exercise decreases as adolescence continues
- most not meeting recommendation
- non latino white boys get the most, african girls get the least
Benefits of exercise in adolescence
- reduced emotional distress
- positive effect on weight status
- reduced anxiety and depression
- lower BP
Poor sleep is associated with
- risk of being overweight
- depressive symptoms
- high levels of anxiety
- less motivation
- engaging in self harm
Average amount of time adolescents will sleep if given the chance
9 hours and 25 minutes
Why are adolescences not getting enough sleep
- electronic media
- caffeine
- screen time
- social media use
Piaget’s stage- Formal operational
Formal operational stage
- abstract thought
- making up fake situations
- thinking hypothetical situations
- thinking more logically and thinking about thought
Children vs adolescents solving problems
children- trial and error
adolescence- make a plan to solve problems (hypothetical-deductive reasoning)
1st criticism about Formal operational stage
1- there is more individual variation than had been said; not everyone goes through this stage
2- focused on stages; there aren’t stages, it’s different for everyone
Imaginary audience
thinking everyone is looking at you or thinking about you
Personal fable
thinking that no one gets you and no one can understand what you are feeling and you are the only person feeling like this
Executive function change in adolescence
Development of the prefrontal cortex
Cool- logical thinking and critical analysis
Hot- emotions drives psychological processes
Identity
getting a sense of who you are as a person and all those factors that make you that person
Erikson’s 5th stage
Identity vs identity confusion
- explore the options of ife and try out different things to see what they like and don’t like
- figuring out who they are, what they want to be, and where they want to go in life
4 identity statuses by James Marcia
Identity diffusion
Identity foreclosure
Identity moratorium
Identity achievement
Identity diffusion
a person is uncommitted and or has not had a crisis in their life. They have not made a decision about occupational and ideological choices.
- happy exisiting with no commitments
- don’t know don’t care
Identity foreclosure
a person is committed but has not experienced a crisis. Their parents pass on commitments before they have a chance to try out other things on their own.
- challengers (only know how to play tennis bc didn’t use college to explore themself
Identity moratorium
a person is in a crisis but their commitments are barely defined or not there
- spider man (conflict between identities but doesn’t want to commit to one)
Identity achievement
a person has made it through a crisis and has made a commitment.
- encanto (knows her role)
Ethnic identity
enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.
Bicultural identity
taking the identity of two groups, those groups being their ethnic group and majority culture. They are taking aspects from both and incorporating it into their life.
- high levels of adjustment
- lower levels of stress
Parental monitoring
watching what your kids choices in social settings, activities, friends, and school.
Higher parental monitoring
- higher grades
- better health behavior
- lower rates of internalizing mental health problems
- fewer problems with sexual behaviors
Lower parental monitoring
- increased use of alcohol and tobacco
- engaging in less effective executive functioning
Conflict increase or decrease in early adolescence
increases
Conflict increase or decrease through late adolescence
decreases
Everyday conflict with parents
conflict with parents are positive as it helps the relationship between the parents and the child
- helps develop problem solving skills
