Exam 3 Flashcards
If a student has special needs that would require help in evacuating the building that information should be given to the instructor at the beginning of the semester. That information should be given at the time of the need to evacuate so help can be provided.
A. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
B. The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
C. Both statements are true.
D. Both statements are false.
C. Both statements are true.
According to the SPC Clinic Manual, special needs patients includes patients with:
A) medical, physical, emotional, or financial situations requiring modifications of care.
B) medical, physical, psychological or social situations requiring modifications of care.
C) medical, physical, and emotional situations requiring modifications of care.
D) medical, physical, and psychological situations requiring modifications of care
B) medical, physical, psychological or social situations requiring modifications of care.
Examples of special needs patients include, but are not limited to, people with _______ or developmental disabilities, complex ______ problems, and significant _____ limitations.
A: intellectual; medical; physical
Define: ASA III
A) Patients are able to walk up one flight of stairs or two level city blocks, but will have to stop after completion of the exercise because of distress.
B) Patients are able to walk up one flight of stairs or two level city blocks, but will have to stop enroute because of distress.
C) Distress is present even at rest. Patients pose significant risk since patients in this category have a severe medical problem.
D) Elective treatment is contraindicated
B) Patients are able to walk up one flight of stairs or two level city blocks, but will have to stop enroute because of distress.
Define: ASA II
A) mild systemic disease
B) Severe systemic disease
C) Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
D) None of the above.
A) mild systemic disease
All of the following are examples of an ASA III disease EXCEPT
A) Obesity (30 < BMI < 40)
B) Active hepatitis
C) Alcohol abuse
D) Pacemaker
A) Obesity (30 < BMI < 40)
Explanation: Obesity (30 < BMI < 40) is ASA II. However, Morbid obesity (BMI greater than/equal to 40) is classified as ASA III
Choose the correct answer. A severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life is classified as:
A) ASA III
B) ASA IV
C) ASA V
D) ASA VI
B) ASA IV
All of the following are categorized as ASA II (Mild systemic Disease) EXCEPT
A) Current smoker
B) Social alcohol drinker
C) Pregnancy
D) All are categorized as ASA II
D) All are categorized as ASA II
ASA V is defined as a patient that is morbund and is not expected to survive more than 24 hours with or without an operation. ASA V is classified as a patient with a terminal disease.
A) The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
C) Both statements are true.
Healthy, non-smoking with minimal use of alcohol are defined as ASA I.
True
False
True
In the SPC Clinic Manual it states, “List all medications and record their indicators and side effects which are found on ______ or______.”
A: Lexi comp; orange book
_________ is a common condition where mild inflammation and redness of the _______ membrane occurs beneath a denture.
A: Denture stomatitis; oral mucosa
SPC protocol for cleaning denture appliances.
A) Inspect denture, bag denture with soap, ultrasonic bath, rinse denture, scrub denture, return to patient
B) rinse denture, bag denture with soap, ultrasonic bath, scrub denture, Inspect denture, return to patient
A) Inspect denture, bag denture with soap, ultrasonic bath, rinse denture, scrub denture, return to patient
The obturator should be removed during extraoral and treatment procedures. An obturator is a prosthesis designed to close a congenital or acquired opening, such as a cleft palate.
A) The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
B) The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
Explanation: Depending on the size of the palatal defect, the obturator may need to stay in place in the mouth during parts of the intraoral and extraoral examination to prevent choking or inhalation of materials.
What degrees do you insert an instrument for assesment stroke?
0-40 degrees
Assessment stroke angulation
50-70 degrees
Assessment stroke lateral pressure
contact with the surface of the tooth, without pressure application
Assessment stroke character
fluid stroke; medium length
Assessment stroke direction
vertical, oblique, horizontal
Assessment stroke number of strokes
abundant, must cover the whole root surface
Calculus removal/scaling stroke purpose
calculus removal
Calculus removal/scaling stroke instrument
sickle scalers, curetes, files
Calculus removal/scaling stroke angulation
70-80 degrees
Calculus removal/scaling stroke lateral pressure
moderate or firm
Calculus removal/scaling stroke character
powerful but short strokes
Calculus removal/scaling stroke number of strokes
limited; applied only to the necessary area
Root planning stroke purpose
removal of residual calculus, biofilm
Root planning stroke instrument
curets
Root planning stroke angulation
60-70 degrees
Root planning lateral pressure
light or moderate
Root planning stroke character
light strokes of medium length
Root planning stroke number of strokes
abundant, must cover the whole root surface
When scaling the angle of the universal curets should be positioned what degree angle to the terminal shank?
90 degree
Moving the hoe in the indirect and horizontal manner can cause injury to the
epithelium tissue of the oral cavity.
When sharpening Gracey Curets you should hold the sharpening stone__________ to the floor.
perpendicular
The Gracey curet has only _______ cutting edge?
one
When sharpening Gracey Curets adjust the angle of the stone to more obtuse at about _____ to _____ degrees.
10;20
The angle of the blade’s face towards the sharpening stone may be 100 to 110 degrees
To maintain the exceptional curvature of the Gracey curet, track the instrument’s
contour while sharpening
To sharpen the curet blade’s face, apply a cone-shaped sharpening stone toward the
curet blade’s face in a slight back-and-forth stroke manner.
How many strokes should you perform while sharpening the face of the blade?
4 to 6 strokes
To estimate the sharpness of the utilized appliance use the
acrylic stick test
To protect the curet’s toe from getting a cuspate look sharpen the curet’s blade completely from
its shank end to its toe.
Sharpen all around the toe to maintain its sharp form
After finishing the first blade of the universal curet, move to the ________ end and sharpen it using the same principles.
opposite
A sharp curet has a fine line at the cutting edge that will not reflect light. T/F
True
A dull cutting edge is like a small surface and reflects
light as shown. T/F
True
Over time, the steam autoclave may dry out an Arkansas stone and lead to chipping or breakage. T/F
True
Dry Stone Advantage
The problems related to maintaining a sterile
stone and preventing contamination when oil, tap
water, or a lubricant is applied are eliminated.
A dry stone :sharpens the cutting edge without
nicks in the
blade; nicks can be created from particles of metal
suspended in a lubricant.
A dry stone allows the stone to be completely sterilized without the problem of interference by the
oil left in and on
the stone.
Water on Stone is used not only for lubrication of ceramic stone,
but they may also be used
dry
Oil lubrication is recommended with certain quarried
stones such as the
Arkansas stone to prevent drying
out.
Instruments are autoclaved before sharpening, and the
stone and instruments are sterilized again after nonsterile
lubricant is used.
The lubricant can facilitate the movement of the instrument
blade over the stone to prevent
scratching of
the stone.
Benefits of lubricating a sharpening stone
- Suspend the metallic particles removed during
sharpening. - Help to prevent clogging of the pores of the stone
(glazing) .
The objectives during sharpening are twofold:
▶▶ To produce a sharp cutting edge.
▶▶ To preserve the original shape of the instrument.
Instrument shape is also known as
contour
The contour of a curet toe is
a smooth, continuous
curvature with no points or flat edges.
When instruments become grossly dulled, recontouring
wastes the instrument.
Restoring original contour to a grossly dull instrument
often leaves a blade that is
not functional and therefore
useless.
Tests for Instrument Sharpness
- Visual or Glare Test
- Plastic test stick
A solid, consistent bevel results from:
- Instrument and stone positioned at the correct angle.
- Movement occurring in a single plane.
Irregular bevel is revealed by:
• Breaks in the fine line of the blade edge.
• Varying facets indicating the improper stone
placement/movement.
Newly sharpened instruments are finished by carefully inspecting the edges for a clean consistent bevel with no particles or “wire edge” remaining. T/F
True
How is the wire edge produced during sharpening?
- metal particles removed
during grinding remain attached to the edge of
the instrument and create the wire edge
By sharpening into, toward, or against the cutting edge,
the production of a wire edge is minimized. T/F
True
A two-step sharpening procedure is used for
Universal Curets
A three-step sharpening procedure is used.
Area specific Curets
Diamond-coated files are not sharpened. T/F
True
Two or three
passes with the tanged file are usually sufficient to bring
each edge back to sharpness. T/F
True
When sharpening the Hoe scaler rounded corners help to prevent
laceration of soft tissue
or grooving of tooth surface.
When sharpening a hoe scaler the hoe needs to be adapted to the surface of a stationary flat stone at the original bevel of _____ degrees?
45
To round the sharp corners of the hoe scaler,
a flat stone is rubbed over the instrument with a gentle
rolling motion. The sharp corners
of a chisel are rounded in the same way.
Use ammonia, gasoline,
or kerosene when stone becomes
discolored
If the stone becomes “glazed” by metal particles ground into
the surface, rub the stone over
emery paper placed on a
flat, solid surface.
Care of the Tanged File
- Corrodes easily, wipe it with isopropyl alcohol soaked gauze
- Manufacturer’s directions
INSTRUMENT SHARPENING:
The process of grinding away metal between two surfaces to remove a rounded junction- without changing the original shape of the instrument
CUTTING EDGE:
A line where two surfaces meet at an angle- has length but no thickness when sharp
HONING:
Also means sharpening, but is often used to refer to the removal of the wire edge that is raised onto the face of the blade during sharpening
BEVEL:
The inclination one line makes with another when they are not at right angles
What are the four factors that determine the level of an instrument sharpness?
- patient load
- frequency of use
- degree of patient difficulty
- procedure to be used with instrument
When should you sharpen?
- before
- during
- after
The edge of high quality steel is not effected by autoclaving. T/F
True
Ruby stone and composition stone lubricant
water
Arkansas stone lubricant:
oil
India stone lubricant
oil
Carborundum stone lubricant
water
Ceramic stone lubricant
water or dry
Ceramic stones are composed of
high alumina ceramica man made saphires
Ceramic stones are fired in
kilns at 3,000 degrees
Ceramic stones with sharpen any metal. T/F
true
it is harder than metal
Will ceramic stones break?
Yes, but will not wear out
Always begin sharpening at the
heel 1/3
Finish sharpening by using the conical stone across the face of the blade to do what?
remove the wire edge that may have formed
When sharpening the sickle scaler hold the terminal shank at
12 o’clock and the stone or card at 3 minutes after
When sharpening for a universal curette how is the instrument held?
toe pointed toward you; terminal shank at 12 o’clock; stone or card at 3 minutes past
Armamentarium
All instruments needed for a procedure
In the SPC clinic, the instrument is sharpened prior to
seeing a patient; in private practice, instruments may be sharpened during the
appointment.
Triple Bend gross removal of
moderate to heavy tenacious calculus and stain
Triple Bend adaption is from the
incisal/occlusal edge
Triple bend is mostly for sub or supra?
supragingival use because of the broader working end
Double bend #100 use
supra and sub
Double bend #100 is used for
moderate to heavy calculus and stain
Single bend #10 (thinsert) power is
low to medium
Single bend #10 (thinsert) removal is
light to moderate calculus, stain, and biofilm
Single bend #10 (thinsert) can be supra or sub?
Both
Piezo 1S (blue) is similar to the _________ ultrasonic?
1000
Piezo 1S (blue) removes
heavy to moderate
mainly supra gingival
Piezo 1S (blue) is great for
interproximals
Piezo 10Z (blue) similar to 100 ultrasonic is good for what kind of calculus?
moderate no deeper than 3-4mm and biofilm removal
Piezo H3 (green) perio tip is similar to the ultrasonic thinsert and is designed for use on
anterior to premolar teeth but can be used on facial, lingual, and some mesial surfaces
Piezo H3 (green) perio tip is good for sub-gingival pocket
debridement
Implant (softip) is good for what kind of calculus removal?
light to moderate plaque & calculs removal without damage to the implant, added benefit of lavage
Beavertail (#3) is used mostly on lower anteriors and is good for what kind of calculus removal?
heavy supragingival calculus and stain
Right and left slim line insert is good for
right and left furcation and posterior interproximal light to moderate calculus removal
Diamond coat insert is used in
surgical settings for removal of tenacious calculus
Subgingival technique “vertical adaption” position like a
probe enables access of active area to depth of pocket
Subgingival technique “vertical adaption” what kind of strokes?
mostly horizontal strokes on buccal/lingual surfaces
oblique stroke on interproximal surfaces
Contact area/supragingival technique “oblique adaption” position like a
hand instrument predominatly oblique
Contact area/supragingival technique “oblique adaption” you should do what kind of stokes?
vertical thru the contact area
Magnetostriction materials
- nickel
- cobalt
- iron
- terium
- dysprosium
associated alloys
Nodal point
a point or region on a wave where there is no vibration
Piezo materials
- quartz
- topaz
- bone
- man-made ceramics
- polymers
Sonic technology compressed air activates the tip at ________Hz?
2500-18000
Sonic moves in what motion?
circular
all sides are active
Frequency
a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time
Power setting
the ability to increase or decrease the amplitude
Amplitude
the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable
Magnetostrictive Hz is
25-30
Piezo Hz
30-42
90% is 30Hz
Frequency kHz
25-42
kHz =
1000 hertz or cps (cycles per second)
Amplitude lower power =
shorter, less powerful strokes
Amplitude higher power =
longer, more powerful strokes
What does the lavage do for the handpiece?
cools it and adjustable flow rate
Amount of lavage influences
cavitation and microstreaming
