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DMS > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Know the techniques helpful in ensuring the cooperation of a pediatric patient during examination

A

-Speak softly
-make steady eye contact
-allow child to become familiar w/ room
-feed infant during exam
-parent hold child’s hand
-use warm gel
distract child
-scan between screaming child’s breaths

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2
Q

Know wilson’s disease

A
  • Rare
  • Faulty copper metabolism
  • eventually results in severe damage to liver & brain
  • Diagnosis: Blood & urine test + liver biopsy
  • Treatment: penicillamine
  • Signs: eyes may have a green ring around them
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3
Q

Hemangioendothelioma in the pediatric patient is considered dangerous in relation to risk of?

A

Hemmorage

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4
Q

Know most common primary malignant liver neoplasm

A

Hematoblastoma

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5
Q

Congenital anomaly that is discovered in a pediatric patient is a choledochal cyst this anomaly is associated with?

A
  • Congenital cyst-like dilation of CBD
  • Different types
  • Most common is a cyst like mass in the porta-hepatis region
  • Diagnosed in patients w/ intermittent RUQ pain, Jaundice, palpable RUQ mass
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6
Q

Know biliary atresia in pediatric patient

A
  • Ducts from liver to duodenum are obliterated
  • Prognosis depends on duration of condition
  • Important to differentiate from neonatal hepatitis
  • US Appearance: Non visualization of GB, GB is less than 1.5cm
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7
Q

Location of neuroblastoma

A

Adrenals

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8
Q

Hemorrhage of adrenal glands most seen in patents?

A

2-7 days old

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9
Q

Sonographic appearance of thyroid adenoma

A
  • US appearance varies
  • Majority solid & hypoechoic (98%)
  • May be isoechoic or hypoechoic
  • Peripheral echolucent halo (doesn’t rule out thyroid carcinoma)
  • degenerating adenomas may be complex in appearance (containing solid components)
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10
Q

US appearance/ characteristics of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A
  • Enlarged
  • Heterogeneous
  • Coarse
  • Hypervascularity
  • May have discreet nodules
  • Calcifications
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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of Grave’s disease

A
  • Anxiety
  • Irretability
  • Tremor in hands & fingers
  • Heat sensitive
  • Bulging eyes
  • Goiter (Enlarged thyroid glands)
  • Thick red skin
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12
Q

Parathyroid adenoma produces an excess of?

A

parathyroid hormone

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13
Q

Location of thyroglossal duct?

A
  • ML anterior to trachea
  • anterior to thyroid
  • superior to thyroid
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14
Q

Most likely to be mistakenly interpreted as a mass of thyroid or parathyroid gland?

A

Longus Colli

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15
Q

Most common type of thyroid carcinoma?

A

Papillary 60-70%

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16
Q

US features of thyroid carcinoma

A
  • Irregular borders
  • Tiny calcifications
  • Cystic & Solid components
  • Thick incomplete halos
  • many times hypoechoic
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17
Q

Tissue that connects both thyroid lobes?

A

Isthamus

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18
Q

Signs and Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A
  • Fatigue
  • Flakey dry skin
  • Weight gain
  • Heavy menses
  • Intolerance to cold
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19
Q

Location of ____________ lateral to carotid arteries.

A

cyst

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20
Q

Parathyroid adenoma lab values

A

increased/elevated calcium or hypercalcemia

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21
Q

Location of Mcburney’s Point

A

RLQ

22
Q

Symptoms & signs of appendicitis

A
  • Pain @ preumbilical region and localizing to RLQ (Mcburney’s)
  • Rebound tenderness
  • Anorexia, Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis
23
Q

Risk of developing appendicitis in ___________ population.

A

young adults

24
Q

Size of normal Appendix

A

less than 6mm

25
Q

Appearance of appendicitis in TRV and SAG planes

A

Bull’s eye - TRV

Finger like - SAG

26
Q

Normal size of lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen

A

<1cm

27
Q

Location of lymph nodes

A
  • Neck
  • Armpits
  • Collarbones
  • Armpits
28
Q

Which type of lymphoma has less cure rate/ or higher cure rate - hodgkins or non hodgkins?

A

Hodgkins - high cure rate

Non-Hodgkins - low cure rate

29
Q

US characteristics of normal and enlarged lymph nodes

A

?

30
Q

Bladder outlet obstruction in newborns is caused by _____________?

A

Posterior urethral Valves

31
Q

Review mesenchymal hamartoma

A
  • Rare
  • Occurs in infants and children under 2
  • Derived from embryonal tissue
  • US: variable, well circumscribed, may have stellate appearance may have trabecular appearance
32
Q

Know US appearance of infant kidneys

A
  • central portion less echogenic
  • Echogenicity of cortex isoechoic to liver or hypoechoic to liver if premature
  • Pyramids larger & more prominent
  • Contour may be lobulated due to residual fetal lobulation
33
Q

Causes of hydronephrosis in neonates, which one is most common

A

-Most common cause is ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ)

34
Q

Know appendicitis care fully + types

acute chromatic gangrenous

A

?

35
Q

US appearance of appendicolith

A

May be present w/ distal shadowing

36
Q

US appearance of bowel wall

A

Hypoechoic with echogenic rim

37
Q

Large popcorn type calcifications seen on mammography are associated with________?

A

?

38
Q

Best transducer for US imaging of the breast?

A

7 - 12.0 MHZ linear transducer

39
Q

Snowstorm sign - review it carefully

A

appear as dirty shadowing or noise representing a silicone granuloma

40
Q

Complications of breast implants

A
  • Hematoma
  • Abscess
  • Silicone or saline bleed
  • Capsular contracture
  • Implant rupture
41
Q

Review phyllodes tumor

A
  • Rare
  • Solid tumor
  • Benign or Malignant
  • Arises from stromal tissue of breast
  • More common in women 30-50
  • Usually solitary
  • Large & palpable
42
Q

Intracapsular rupture of silicone breast implant appear like ladder sign on US, on MRI it would appear like ______________?

A

Linguine Sign

43
Q

Know the names of all benign breast lesions

A
  • Fibroadenoma (most common)
  • simple cyst
  • fibrocystic change FCC
  • Complicated versus complex cyst
  • Galactocele
  • Sebaceous cyst
  • Mastitis
  • Abscess
  • Mondor Disease
  • Phyllodes Tumor
  • Lipoma
  • Hematoma
  • Seroma
  • Fat Necrosis
  • Adenoma + secretory ad
  • hamartoma
  • intraductal papilloma
  • papillomatosis
44
Q

Do you think simple breast cysts need treatments?

A

Need treatment based on BIRADS designation if they meet criteria for simple cyst they can be set BIRADS 2 - benign = no treatment

45
Q

Know BIRADS categories.

A 
Cat 0 - inconclusibe findings; need additional imaging
Cat 1 - normal
Cat 2 - Benign
Cat 3 - Probably Benign
Cat 4 - Suspicious
Cat 5 - Malignant
46
Q

US characteristics of malignant breast lesions.

A
  • Round, oval, or elipsed shape
  • Wider than tall: horizontal orientation, do not cross tissue planes
  • Smooth Well defined borders
  • Microlobulation
47
Q

Know increased risk factors for development of breast cancer

A

Gender

  • Age
  • family history
  • Menstrual history
  • child bearing history
  • Hormonal factors
  • atypical hyperplasia
  • Radiation therapy
  • Obesity
48
Q

Cranio - caudal view in Mammography is useful in ________________ mass localization

A

Medial or Lateral?

49
Q

Which quadrant in breast is most common to find cancer?

A

Upper outer quadrant

50
Q

Location of tail of the breast?

A

Tail of spence is located superio-lateral to breast almost axilla region

DMS (5 decks)

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