Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ocean 100 SDSU > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of coasts?

A

The land of the continent adjacent to the beach; land extending inland as far as marine influence is seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Y/N Is SDSU on the coast?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is offshore?

A

extends from breakers to edge of continental shelf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the beach?

A

shore and nearshore (waves); very active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the beach active?

A

It is filled with organisms, humans and lots of waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the berm?

A

dry area usually sandy; sometimes underwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When should you avoid the beach?

A

When the berm is underwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the wave cut platform?

A

flat eroded bedrock at beach; eroded by breaking waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a notch?

A

cave cut into a sea cliff by wave erosion (sediments/rocks breaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

During the summer wave energy is _____

high/low

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sandy beach = _____ berm

(wide/narrow)?

A

wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During winter, wave energy is ____.

high/low

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rocky beach = ____ berm

(wide/narrow)?

A

narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do Algae flourish during summer or winter?

A

Algae flourishes during winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do sea levels lower at mid-ocean ridges?

A

Slow spreading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does the berm get submerged?

A

In the winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are sewage spills most common?

A

In the winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are features of a depositional coast?

A
  • flat
  • controlled by subsidence and deposit sediment
  • includes deltas, barrier islands
  • passive margins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are features of an erosional coast?

A
  • has some uplift, tectonically controlled
  • promontories/headlands,
  • uplifted terraces (which are relatively flat because they were once a wave-cut bench),
  • Active margin
  • Sea caves, sea arch and sea stacks (3 seas)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do sea levels rise at mid-ocean ridges?

A

Fast spreading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do sea levels lower at mid-ocean ridges?

A

Slow spreading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to sea levels when experiencing global warming?

A

Sea levels rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to sea levels when experiencing an Ice Age?

A

Sea levels lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two main factors that affect sea level rise and fall?

A

Climate change and tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does a seawall do to a berm?

A

It starves it from its sand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are seawalls?

A

manmade wall structures made to protect the coastal rocks and its erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the San Diego margin classified as?

A

An active margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What kind of coast does San Diego have?

A

Erosional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the origin of fossil fuels?

A

Ancient marine microscopic plankton/algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In California, about ____% of sand comes from erosion of coastal cliffs.

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is an example of a depositional coast?

A

Coast of Louisiana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is an example of an erosional coast?

A

La Jolla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The marine terrace was once a ______.

A

beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F La Jolla is a promontory and a terrace

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In which vertical order would you find substances within the porous rock?

A

Water, oil, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What was the largest oil spill ever recorded? How many gallons were spilled?

A

The Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill, 210 million gallons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How can we prevent marine pollution?

A

Reduce, reuse, recycle (the 3 R’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a longshore current?

A

Current parallel to the shore, very close to berm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where can you see trilobites in the fossil rock from the Cambrian era?

A

British Columbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Water moves in the surf zone as a result of longshore currents… why?

A

Because longshore current waves approach at an angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is beach drift?

A

Movement of sand upon waves (zigzag motion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

For the most part (in Southern California), longshore currents travel ___ to ___

A

North to South

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What controls SD’s coast?

A

The Rose Canyon Fault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Who brought attention to the North Pacific garbage patch?

A

Charles Moore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which kingdoms belong to the Prokaryote domain?

A

Archaea domain and Bacteria domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which kingdoms belong to the Eukaryote domain?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Deltas occur at which type of margin? Provide some examples

A

Passive

Ex: Nile River Delta, Mississippi River Delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Where are beach houses built on? (think classification of coasts)

A

The terrace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the difference between platform and terrace?

A

Platform is flat area at beach, terrace is flat area uplifted (no longer a beach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

T/F East/gulf Coasts are tectonically active, have passive margins and are flat areas affected by rising sea levels

A

False, they are not tectonically active (the rest is correct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are some of the characteristics of the Pacific coast?

A
  • Erosional coast
  • active and controlled by tectonics
  • oceans do not migrate in land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are some of the characteristics of the Atlantic coasts?

A
  • Depositional coast
  • passive, flat, unaffected by tectonics
  • When ocean levels rise, it will migrate inland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are some of the characteristics of the Gulf Coasts?

A
  • below sea level, most in danger
  • depositional
  • ocean migrates the farthest inland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What causes the Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone to have the color that it has?

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Are sea level currently rising or decreasing?

A

slowly rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the average change in sea levels/year

A

increases about 3.1 mm per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What would be the increase of sea level if all ice melted? What would happen to the US?

A

about 70 m, South eastern part of the US would be flooded if not gone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What would be exposed if sea levels decreased (by a lot )?

A

the shelf of a continent

59
Q

When does a cliff collapse?

A

When undercut rock can no longer support it

60
Q

What is the purpose of a seawall?

A

Protect homes from falling due to erosion

61
Q

What do we call the process of piling sand back at beach?

A

Dredging

62
Q

What is an example (from class) where the beach disappeared due to a seawall?

A

New Jersey’s coast

63
Q

What % of species live in the oceans?

A

14%

64
Q

What % of specific live on the continents/land?

A

86%

65
Q

T/F The oceans provide a stable environment for species.

A

True

66
Q

What are the classifications of marine organisms?

A

Plankton, Nekton, and Benthos

67
Q

What helps lead to the bringing of nutrients to the surface?

A

Ekman Flow

68
Q

Which kingdom of life has the simplest, single-celled organisms?

A

Archaea domain

69
Q

What are features of benthos? Examples of benthos?

A

Bottom dwellers, live on the seafloor, shore; deep-sea floors, hydrothermal vents, etc. (example: sea cucumbers, coral reefs, sea stars)

70
Q

How long have sharks been on Earth?

A

Over 300 million years

71
Q

What are the two principal marine environments?

A

Pelagic and Benthic

72
Q

Which organisms live in the Pelagic zone?

A

Plankton and nekton

73
Q

Which organisms live in the Benthic zone?

A

Benthos

74
Q

Which principal marine environment zone has the most diversity, Pelagic or Benthic?

A

Benthic

75
Q

T/F crude oil is not biodegradable

A

False, crude oil comes from ground is biodegradable.

76
Q

What type of oil is not biodegradable?

A

The one we refine and use for our cars (much more toxic)

77
Q

Most of the refined oil in our beaches come from where?

A

Consumption on land

78
Q

T/F population correlates with oil production

A

true

79
Q

Oil is a _____ resource.

renewable/nonrenewable

A

non renewable

80
Q

San Diego is affected by plastic and sewage coming from ____?

A

Tijuana

81
Q

What do high levels of mercury and lead poisoning lead to?

A

brain damage, in extreme cases Minamata disease

82
Q

What are deltas?

A

Rivers that empty into the ocean

83
Q

The Rose Canyon fault extends from where to where?

A

Border to LA

84
Q

Why do ice ages cause a sea levels to lower?

A

A lot of water from oceans are turned into ice/snow on land

85
Q

Mid ocean Ridges and their influence in sea levels are an example of what principle?

A

Archimedes Principle

86
Q

Y/N Does cliff “armoring” significantly decrease supply of sand to our beaches?

A

Yes

87
Q

In what type of continental margin is SD incorporated?

A

Active

88
Q

What type of coast is SD?Why?

A

Erosional because it is tectonically active and lifted

89
Q

What are the four types of pollution?

A
  • Petroleum
  • Sewage
  • heavy metals
  • solid waste
90
Q

What type of oil is biodegradable and natural? (crude or refined)

A

crude oil

91
Q

We find most of our refined oil in oceans.. where does it mainly come from?

A

almost all comes from the consumption on land

92
Q

What percent of oil in the oceans are natural? what percent are human sources?

A

47 % are natural

53% are human sources

93
Q

Briefly state the sources of oil in oceans (percentages)

A

Consumption on land- 72%
Petroleum transportation (ship spills) 22%
Extraction spills 6%

94
Q

T/F Plankton/algae come in large amounts and die in large amounts

A

true

95
Q

During which spill did the cleanup process do more harm than good? why?

A

Exxon Valdez oil spill, they tried to clean crude oil

96
Q

During which season do sewage spills most occur (in SD)? where does the sewage come from?

A

The sewage comes from TJ and almost every winter, there is a spill in SD.

97
Q

Why does Imperial Beach experience more closures than any other beach in the US?

A

Because plastic and sewage come down from TJ river to SD

98
Q

What organism has the highest amounts of mercury?

A

Swordfish

99
Q

Briefly explain the bioaccumulation of Methylmercury

A

According to this, mercury levels increase from species to species for example, a dolphin will have high levels of mercury as compared to a fish because mercury levels are transferred and accumulated from predator to predator.

100
Q

According to the bioaccumulation of Methylmercury, is it better to eat from the top or bottom of the food chain?

A

Bottom of food chain, small levels of mercury.

101
Q

What are some characteristics of plastic?

A 
made in large amounts 
floats
non biodegradable 
inexpensive 
strong
102
Q

What is the result of plastic (solid waste) in our oceans?

A

Kills fishes, mammals, birds and reptiles because they mistake it for food

103
Q

What are the laws regarding the dumping of plastic? What are some examples of plastic spills?

A

In the US, it is illegal to dump alot of plastic and use the ocean as the “dumpster”. Once in a while, cargo ships will spill into the sea dumping tons of plastic into the ocean

104
Q

What is the one thing that can very slowly break plastic apart? What is this process called?

A

the sun (light), this process is known as photo degradation

105
Q

T/F photo degradation is part of biodegradation.

A

False, photo degradation is opposite of it

106
Q

Is photo degradation more or less harmful? why?

A

more harmful because since plastic starts diminishing, it is easier for animals to digest

107
Q

According to lecture, which plastic material lasts forever?

A

plastic soda bottles

108
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea

-bacteria and archaea are both involved with prokaryotes

109
Q

What are the simplest cells?

A

Prokaryotes

110
Q

what are the more complex cells? why?

A

eukaryotes, they have a nucleus, a membrane, organelles

111
Q

What are the six kingdoms of life?

A

archaea, bacteria, protista, fungi, plantae and Animalia

112
Q

of the 6 kingdoms, which are part of prokaryotes (simple cells) and which are involved with eukaryotes (complex cells)?

A

Archaea and bacteria = prokaryotes

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia = eukaryotes

113
Q

which category/categories are both domain/s and kingdom/s?

A

Archaea and Bacteria

114
Q

Which organisms are considered protista?

A

Micro algae and protozoans

115
Q

Are fungi abundant?

A

No

116
Q

which organisms (other than plants) photosynthesize?

A

some protista and bacteria

117
Q

T/F organisms in the Animalia category can produce their own food

A

False, they cannot

118
Q

What are some examples of vertebrates?

A

Fish, mammals, amphibians, snakes, birds

119
Q

What are some examples of invertebrates?

A

starfish, annelids, mollusks

120
Q

Are viruses alive or dead?

A

Neither

121
Q

What are the smallest organisms on earth?

A

Viruses

122
Q

What do viruses do?

A

they steal the DNA machinery and replicate

123
Q

Where do most organisms live? Why?

A

Very close to land (shelf areas), coastal surface waters because theres sunlight for photosynthetic organisms which are related to the habitation of other animals because other animals rely on plants and some rely on the animals that eat the plants. (cycle)

124
Q

What is evolution by natural selection?

A

Passing genes on to the next generation in order for adaptation

125
Q

Adaptation leads to ______

A

speciation

126
Q

What is the example of sexual selection?

A

Elephant seals- males fight with other males to get the females because there is 1 male for multiple females. Females (as a result) are attracted to the strong males because they want them to protect their offspring.

(strongest survive and pass their genes)

127
Q

What percent of species (of earth) are in oceans?

A

14%

128
Q

Do animals rely on stable or unstable conditions (environment)? Why?

A

unstable because variation and challenges lead to adaptation which leads to speciation, only the strongest survive.

129
Q

What are the 3 classifications of marine organisms?

A
  1. plankton, 2. Nekton, 3. Benthos
130
Q

What are plankton described as?what are some examples?

A

tiny organisms that float and drift with currents

ex: phytoplankton (plant like) and zooplankton(animal like)

131
Q

What are nekton described as?what are some examples?

A

They are known as swimmers

ex: fish, turtles, anything that swims and can move on their own

132
Q

What are benthos described as?what are some examples?

A

They are known as bottom dwellers because they live on seafloors
ex:corals, tubeworms

133
Q

What is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton?

A

Phytoplankton are “plant-like” because they do photosynthesis but are not plants
Zoo plankton are known as protozoans and they eat phytoplankton

134
Q

Which type of marine organisms (classification) are the most abundant?

A

Benthos (bottom dwellers)

135
Q

What are the 2 principal marine environments?

A

Pelagic and Benthic zone

136
Q

What is the pelagic zone?

A

Open sea, where swimmers and floaters are found

137
Q

What is the benthic zone?

A

seafloor, where bottom dwellers are found

138
Q

Where is the greatest diversity of benthic organisms? What are the 2 main reasons for this?

A

On the shelf close to coast region called the littoral zone
One of the reasons is because of the amount of challenges, they either adapt or extinct. Another reason is upwelling, nutrients they need are at shore as well as rivers that empty out on beach

139
Q

When homes are built on the berm, what other feature do they have?

A

Houses are generally built on stilts. During storms, the berm is flooded and stilts are at risk of breaking apart (especially during tsunamis)

140
Q

Who discovered the North Pacific garbage patch?

A

Charles Moore

141
Q

What domain/kingdom is the original organisms on earth?

A

Archaea

142
Q

Are we (humans), eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

143
Q

What is the cambrian radiation?

A

-545 million years ago
an explosion of diversity led to the appearance (over 5 million to 10 million years) of a huge number of complex, multi-celled organisms.

Ocean 100 SDSU (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions