exam 3 Flashcards
1970’s US shiften to __ sentencing rationale
retribution
justice and __ should guide sentencing
fairness
3 categories of sentencing
voluntary sentence
statutory/presumptive
sentencing framework
how have prisons grown in 20th century
largely
towards the end of the 20th century, there were slight changes
no
after WWII predominate focus was
rehabilitation
In 1974, Martinson argued that
nothing works
punitive strategies
prior record
seriousness
predictability
what types of sentencing outcomes are stressed
equality
predictability
outcomes
US sentencing commission authorized on
seriousness of outcome, correctional treatment
deterence
and public protection
US sentencing commission choses to focus on
presumptive sentencing guideline
is effective treatement possible?
yes
can rehab solve crime problem
no
rehab and sentencing should be use __ as a crime control strategy
jointly
multifaceted crime control includes
intervention
therapy
conducted by staff
parole was temporarily abolished in
deleware
sentencing reforms come from
rehab efforts
what are intermediate sanction programs
parole/probation
community well-being sentencing focuses on
reducing incarceration rates
us has the highest __ rate in wester industrial societies
incarceration
based on Kappeler, the US is is lenient with offenders?
no
US incarceration rate is 5x > who
New zeland
US is the only nation that stilll uses the
death penalty
how has the sentencing of juveniles and mentally impaired offenders changed
they can be sentenced to death
some argue that increases in prison populations are due to
increase in population
the overcrowding is considered ___
cruel and unusual punishment
___ and ___ prison incarceration has increased 7x
state and federal
can population growth explain jail incarceration?
no
wha dit the court rule in Furman v. Georgia
found the death penalty to be unconstitution; cruel and unusual
how did the # of inmates on deathrow changes from 1973 - 1999
25x greated
in what case did the court decide capital punishment did not violate the constitution?
Gregg v. Georgia
what are some explanation for spike in prison population
US punishes more offenders
what imring argues was necessary to reduce prisonpopulation
alternative sanctions; lethal for violent offenders and not drug/property
what did block claim waas necessary in order to reduce crime
increase risk of imprisonment
which offenders make up a small minority of the population
violent/ female
the rehab of offenders largely depends on
community
what ?’s should be onsidered for crime control efforts
do they work? at what cost?
is it importatnt to worry about funding for crime control
yes
is it more cost effetive to target crime upfront or crim sanctions?
upfront
compared to the us culture and crime rates with that of other countries
high homicide
is it important to consider rehab?
yes
selective incapacitation are difficult b/c
crime can not be predicted
what are some alternatives to incarceration
drug courts, parole, fines, halway house, EM, community service etc
define rehab
planned correctional intervention that targets for change internal and social criminogenic factors with the goal of no recidivism and improving the offenders’ life
when the drug treatment programs likely to be successful
therapeutic communities
effective intervention based on
social leraning/behaviored; structural rather that non-dirctive, and use moe that one treatment
2 different predictores of crime by Cullen
performance in school and work
what is the most effective treatment for sex offenders
psychological treatment
are boot camps effective method for crime control?
no
