Exam 3

Question 1

Instrumentation

Answer 1

• which instruments are in the ensemble
• the particular instruments used in a piece of music
• the manner in which a piece is arranged for the instruments

Question 2

Ornamentation

Answer 2

1. Grace Note
2. Turn
   - musical flourishes, typically, added notes
   - they are not essential to carry the overall line of the melody, but serve instead to decorate and add interest

Question 3

Reharmonization

Answer 3

• where you remove a large session of a chord progression and replace it with a new set of chords
• changes the sound of the original harmony/melody

Question 4

Chord Substitutions

Answer 4

• is the technique of using a chord in place of another in a sequence of chords, or a chord progression (replace a specific chord)
• melody still sounds like the melody

Question 5

Improvisation

Answer 5

• the creative activity of immediate musical composition, which combines performance with communication of emotions and instrumental technique as well as spontaneous response to other musicians

Question 6

Accompaniment

Answer 6

• the musical part which provides the rhythmic and/or harmonic support for the melody or main themes of a song or instrumental piece
• freedom of expression
• can be an instrument, vocals, etc

Question 7

Walking Bass

Answer 7

• improvisation
• in jazz piano, a left-hand accompaniment consisting of a continuous rhythm of four beats to the measure, usually with a repetitive melodic pattern
• a bass part in 4/4 time in which a note is played on each beat of the bar and which typically moves up and down the scale in small steps

Question 8

Syncopation

Answer 8

• the way the rhythm carries the beat
• involves a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected, making part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat

Question 9

Swing vs Straight Eighth note

Answer 9

• swing refers to how we play 8th notes
• triplet occupies the same amount time as one 8th note, or one quarter note
• A straight 8 in music refers to the role of eighth notes in music to divide musical beats evenly in half
• divide a measure of time into eight equal parts

Question 10

Extended Technique

Answer 10

• doing something beyond the limitations of the instrument

- refers to the sound effects you can make without the instruments intention of being to do so

Question 11

Sampling

Answer 11

• use electronic device to take out a section of a piece of music and alter it
• borrowing, not inventing new music

Question 12

Music as a commodity

Answer 12

• important for music to be recognized as a commodity
• pushes innovation and competition bc there are financial benefits
• new music being invented keeps consumers happy
• it has become acceptable to devote time to it because it is a way of generating money
• music is valuable because it spreads through society

Question 13

Electronics in music

Answer 13

1. Sampling
2. Distortions/Effects
3. Computer Generated Music/Sounds
   - drum machine, synthesizer, electronic keyboard, electronic guitar, keytar, etc

Question 14

Loop Station

Answer 14

• allows music to be recorded and played on one another

Question 15

Distortions/Effects

Answer 15

• changes the way noise comes across

Question 16

Why is electronics in music important

Answer 16

• electronic frontier makes music more available for consumption
• downloads/streaming/internet can listen or retrieve from anywhere
• there is a spectrum between creation and total theft
• > it is based on someone else’s work (inspired), but not complete theft (parody)