exam 3 Flashcards
____________ is the percentage of smoking related deaths that occur in the U.S. that reported beginning smoking when they were adolescents.
90%
Moderate drinking associated with lower risk of ___________.
coronary disease
__________ is the estimated average consumption of caffeine worldwide.
70mg per day
____________ is the estimated average consumption of caffeine in the U.S.
170mg per day
_____________ is when it is important to them.. Ex. scared of dying.
Intrinsic motivator
____________ is when they are forced to quit because of health.
Extrinsic motivator
_________ is the standard drink defined in oz’s.
.5
What is the standard drink for wine, beer, and liquor.
4 ,12, 1
______________ is an increase in the rate of metabolizing a drug as a result of its regular use.
Dispositional tolerance
_____________ Is a type of functional tolerance that occurs within a course of action of single drug dose.
Acute Tolerance
______________ is a type of functional tolerance that occurs after more chronic and regular use.
Protracted Functional Tolerance
_____________ facilitates many of the disease processes associated with smoking.
Carbon monoxide
Caffeine is absorbed through the _____________.
gastrointestinal tract
When was the peak of smoking in America?
1963
In what year was it determined that nicotine causes physical dependence?
1988
How many smokers die in the U.S. prematurely yearly?
430,000
____________ is known as the cradle to the grave drug
caffeine
___________ is how caffeine is consumed in the U.S.
oraly
__________ is how is caffeine distributed through out the body?
the blood
__________ is how caffeine is secreted from the body.
kidneys
What can coffee prevent?
headaches
colds
counteract side effects of other medications
appetite suppressant
______________ is called when sugar is dissolved to water and exposed to air.
fermentation
__________ is where the first beer was produced.
Egypt
___________ is where the first distilled spirits were produced.
China
What year was was prohibition repealed?
1933
___________ will slow the absorption of alcohol.
eating
___________ is the legal intoxication limit in the U.S.
.08
How is alcohol metabolized?
through the liver. It is broken down to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase then the acetaldehydryde is eventually broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
___________ is when amnesia about events when drinking even when there was no loss of conscious.
Blackout
___________ is when partially recall events that occurred in full consciousness.
greyout
The average smoker absorbs _______- ________ mg of nicotine for each cig they smoke.
.1 .4
______________ is the reason people continue to smoke.
Short half life nicotine
__________ has a quicker occurring tolerance.
nicotine
__________ is a more depressant than a stimulant
nicotine
mood swings, feeling nasuas, and being tired are parts of ____________.
nicotine withdrawals
People who smoke have _______ body weight.
lower
Where is most cancer causing substances found in a cig?
tar
__________ % of a cigarette is inhaled when inhaled.
20
___________ is the biggest cause of death in the U.S.
Heart disease
Tobbacco smoke was considered a ____________ in 1993.
carsonagen
Alcohol in the U.S. is denoted by __________.
Volume
The proof is _________ x’s the percent of alcohol in the drink.
2
____________ is classified as a food because it has calories.
Alcohol
A standard drink is a ________ oz of alcohol.
1/2
____________ drinking lowers risk of heart disease.
moderate
What is the amount of caffeine that is consumed from young middle to older adulthood?
Increases to age 65
____________ is the most toxic way to smoke tobacco?
cigarettes
The prevalence of smoking since 1965 has ______________.
decreased
What group ism out likely to use snuff and cigs?
men 18-25
_____________ is the most efficient way to get a dose of nicotine.
cigars
How long does it take to develop the first signs of nicotine tolerance.
during or after first cigarette
_____________ is the most reported withdrawal symptom of nicotine.
headache
______________ % of lung cancer deaths associated with smoking.
20
What are methylxanthines?
caffeine, theophylline,theobromine
How is caffeine most consumed through the U.S.?
through coffee
When does the peak limit of caffeine occur?
15-45 minutes after consumption
What are the metabolism patterns for smokers and nonsmokers?
smokers excrete caffeine 50% faster than nonsmokers
What type of alcohol is used in the production of alcoholic beverages?
ethanol
What is used to make Rum, Brandy, Whiskey, and Vodka?
Rum= sugar cane
Whiskey=corn
Brandy=distilled from wine
Vodka=fermented grains or potatoes
_____________% of heavy alcohol use in the previous month reported in 2007.
7
