Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the biological characteristics of drugs?
▫ Inherited Differences in Reactions to Drugs ▫ Gender
▫ Weight
▫ Age
a term used to represent a cluster of enduring characteristics that describe the ways in which an individual thinks perceives, feels, and acts.
personality
“the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experience.”
sensation seeking
what are the aspects of sensation seeking
▫ Thrill and adventure seeking ▫ Experience seeking
▫ Disinhibition
▫ Boredom susceptibility
what is the major reason people use drugs and alcohol
stress reduction
what is theLittle evidence of an addictive personality?
The Addictive Personality
A person’s anticipation of or belief about what he or she will experience upon taking a drug.
drug expectancies
government laws about substance use, people and places that define the immediate drug-use setting
environment matters
_____________ is when reported experiencing physical changes: fuzzy
thinking, sleepiness, and dizziness
drinking alone
_____________ is when they reported their mood changed to feeling friendly and more pleasant
drinking with others
an increase in the rate of metabolizing a drug as a result of its regular use.
dispositional tolerance
decreased behavioral effects of a drug as a result of its regular use.
functional tolerance
occurs within a course of action of a single drug dose.
acute tolerance
occurs over the course of two or more drug administrations.
protracted tolerance
Tolerance to a drug or drugs never taken that results from protracted tolerance to another drug or drugs.
cross tolerance
Increased sensitivity to a drug with repeated use of
it.
reverse tolerance
assumes that a drug acts on specific cells in the central nervous system
cell adaptation theory
What are the 3 things of tolerance?
Not irreversable
• Reacquisition happens quickly • Genetics
A consequence of a behavior that
INCREASES its future likelihood
reinforcer
Behavior increases to receive reward
positive reinforcement
behavior increases to avoid or escape
negative reinforcement
A consequence of a behavior that DECREASES its future likelihood.
punisher
A study that involves testing whether research
participants will “give themselves” a drug
self administration
“this wont hurt until tomorrow!”
hangover
what helps to explain the bases of perceived similarities
and differences?
Drug discrimination study
Procedure concerning the effects on behavior of a drug that has a history of both reinforcement and punishment
Conflict Paradigm
Applicability of a research finding from one setting or group of research participants to others.
Generalizable
basic principle of the code is that research with humans cannot be conducted without the subjects’ responsible, voluntary, informed consent.
Nuremberg Code
When drug effects are influenced by subjects’ histories with and beliefs and expectancies about drugs
placebo effects
A type of experimental design in which groups of subjects are compared to establish experimental findings
Group design
The commercial name given to a drug by its manufacturer.
brand name
The name given to a drug that represents its chemical structure
chemical name
The general name given to a drug that is shorter than its chemical name.
generic name
The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribu-on,and
possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health
Epidemiology
Emil Kraepelin, Phillip Pinel, and J.E. Equirol developed a classification system of __________
mental illness
__________ is for depression
Amphetamines
What kind of therapy is used today?
Electroshock
What did Chloropromazine do?
Decreased anxiety
– Prevented shock during surgery
– Reduc-on of hospitalized psychiatric pa-ents – Reserpine – 1954
What is Meprobamate?
muscle relaxer
What is MAOIs?
antidepressants
_____________ of the U.S. adult popula-on experience mental disorder in any given year
1/4
Almost __________of U.S. adults met the criteria for a mental illness at some point in their lives
1/2
_____________ of adults with one mental disorder met the criteria for another disorder
45%
When do signs of mental illness occur?
14 or 24
For Psychotherapeutic Medication _____________ use is about twice as high among women as among men
gender
Psychotherapeutic medication use increases with _________-?
age
For the Elderly_________of drugs taken in the US
1/3
Mandates explicit procedures for distributing and
dispensing Rx medications
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Preven-on and Control Act of 1970
What is Therapeutic usage of of psychotherapeutric drugs?
Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Anti-anxiety agents, Antimanic medications
_________________ Used primarily for Schizophrenia and associated symptoms.
Antipsychotics
_______________ of the population in the US will experience a depressive episode in their life-me
20%
What does SSRI stand for?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
What does SNRI stand for?
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
__________ is depression results from a deficiency in catecholamines (par-cularly norepinephrine) at varied neuron receptor sites in the brain
Catecholamine hypothesis
____________ is the other central theory of an-depressant ac-on, postulates that depression is the result of a deficiency of the neurotransmiler serotonin in the brain.
seretonin hypothesis
What does MAOIs stand for?
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
____________ people seem to experience their anxiety most of the -me
characterological anxiety
anxiety is much greater at some -mes than at others
Situational anxiety
___________________ is used for Depressant drugs formally used as sleeping pills
barbiturates
____________ is the most currently the most widely perscribed an–anxiety
drug
Benzodiazepines
___________ is a state with pronounced eleva-ons in mood and increased ac-vity
Used for Mania
When was coca available?
1850s
symptoms of itching and feeling as if insects are crawling under the skin
Formication syndrome
Coca was medically used when?
1920s
What war did they used coca on for the veterans?
WWll
selling large quantities (500 gm) of cocaine powder will get you a minimum offense of ___________ years.
5
The _____________ Regulates sell of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine
1996 Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act
How long does cocain effects last?
20-80 minutes
How long does amphetamines last?
4-12 hours
___________ also increases the release of dopamine and norepinephrine
Amphetamines
___________ is another word for sympathomimetic drugs
stimulants
___________ is a name for Methlphenidate
Ritalin
