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Drug use and abuse > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the biological characteristics of drugs?

A

▫ Inherited Differences in Reactions to Drugs ▫ Gender
▫ Weight
▫ Age

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2
Q

a term used to represent a cluster of enduring characteristics that describe the ways in which an individual thinks perceives, feels, and acts.

A

personality

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3
Q

“the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experience.”

A

sensation seeking

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4
Q

what are the aspects of sensation seeking

A

▫ Thrill and adventure seeking ▫ Experience seeking
▫ Disinhibition
▫ Boredom susceptibility

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5
Q

what is the major reason people use drugs and alcohol

A

stress reduction

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6
Q

what is theLittle evidence of an addictive personality?

A

The Addictive Personality

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7
Q

A person’s anticipation of or belief about what he or she will experience upon taking a drug.

A

drug expectancies

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8
Q

government laws about substance use, people and places that define the immediate drug-use setting

A

environment matters

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9
Q

_____________ is when reported experiencing physical changes: fuzzy
thinking, sleepiness, and dizziness

A

drinking alone

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10
Q

_____________ is when they reported their mood changed to feeling friendly and more pleasant

A

drinking with others

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11
Q

an increase in the rate of metabolizing a drug as a result of its regular use.

A

dispositional tolerance

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12
Q

decreased behavioral effects of a drug as a result of its regular use.

A

functional tolerance

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13
Q

occurs within a course of action of a single drug dose.

A

acute tolerance

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14
Q

occurs over the course of two or more drug administrations.

A

protracted tolerance

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15
Q

Tolerance to a drug or drugs never taken that results from protracted tolerance to another drug or drugs.

A

cross tolerance

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16
Q

Increased sensitivity to a drug with repeated use of

it.

A

reverse tolerance

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17
Q

assumes that a drug acts on specific cells in the central nervous system

A

cell adaptation theory

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18
Q

What are the 3 things of tolerance?

A

Not irreversable

• Reacquisition happens quickly • Genetics

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19
Q

A consequence of a behavior that

INCREASES its future likelihood

A

reinforcer

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20
Q

Behavior increases to receive reward

A

positive reinforcement

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21
Q

behavior increases to avoid or escape

A

negative reinforcement

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22
Q

A consequence of a behavior that DECREASES its future likelihood.

A

punisher

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23
Q

A study that involves testing whether research

participants will “give themselves” a drug

A

self administration

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24
Q

“this wont hurt until tomorrow!”

A

hangover

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25
Q

what helps to explain the bases of perceived similarities

and differences?

A

Drug discrimination study

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26
Q

Procedure concerning the effects on behavior of a drug that has a history of both reinforcement and punishment

A

Conflict Paradigm

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27
Q

Applicability of a research finding from one setting or group of research participants to others.

A

Generalizable

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28
Q

basic principle of the code is that research with humans cannot be conducted without the subjects’ responsible, voluntary, informed consent.

A

Nuremberg Code

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29
Q

When drug effects are influenced by subjects’ histories with and beliefs and expectancies about drugs

A

placebo effects

30
Q

A type of experimental design in which groups of subjects are compared to establish experimental findings

A

Group design

31
Q

The commercial name given to a drug by its manufacturer.

A

brand name

32
Q

The name given to a drug that represents its chemical structure

A

chemical name

33
Q

The general name given to a drug that is shorter than its chemical name.

A

generic name

34
Q

The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribu-on,and
possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health

A

Epidemiology

35
Q

Emil Kraepelin, Phillip Pinel, and J.E. Equirol developed a classification system of __________

A

mental illness

36
Q

__________ is for depression

A

Amphetamines

37
Q

What kind of therapy is used today?

A

Electroshock

38
Q

What did Chloropromazine do?

A

Decreased anxiety
– Prevented shock during surgery
– Reduc-on of hospitalized psychiatric pa-ents – Reserpine – 1954

39
Q

What is Meprobamate?

A

muscle relaxer

40
Q

What is MAOIs?

A

antidepressants

41
Q

_____________ of the U.S. adult popula-on experience mental disorder in any given year

A

1/4

42
Q

Almost __________of U.S. adults met the criteria for a mental illness at some point in their lives

A

1/2

43
Q

_____________ of adults with one mental disorder met the criteria for another disorder

A

45%

44
Q

When do signs of mental illness occur?

A

14 or 24

45
Q

For Psychotherapeutic Medication _____________ use is about twice as high among women as among men

A

gender

46
Q

Psychotherapeutic medication use increases with _________-?

A

age

47
Q

For the Elderly_________of drugs taken in the US

A

1/3

48
Q

Mandates explicit procedures for distributing and

dispensing Rx medications

A

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Preven-on and Control Act of 1970

49
Q

What is Therapeutic usage of of psychotherapeutric drugs?

A

Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Anti-anxiety agents, Antimanic medications

50
Q

_________________ Used primarily for Schizophrenia and associated symptoms.

A

Antipsychotics

51
Q

_______________ of the population in the US will experience a depressive episode in their life-me

A

20%

52
Q

What does SSRI stand for?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

53
Q

What does SNRI stand for?

A

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)

54
Q

__________ is depression results from a deficiency in catecholamines (par-cularly norepinephrine) at varied neuron receptor sites in the brain

A

Catecholamine hypothesis

55
Q

____________ is the other central theory of an-depressant ac-on, postulates that depression is the result of a deficiency of the neurotransmiler serotonin in the brain.

A

seretonin hypothesis

56
Q

What does MAOIs stand for?

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

57
Q

____________ people seem to experience their anxiety most of the -me

A

characterological anxiety

58
Q

anxiety is much greater at some -mes than at others

A

Situational anxiety

59
Q

___________________ is used for Depressant drugs formally used as sleeping pills

A

barbiturates

60
Q

____________ is the most currently the most widely perscribed an–anxiety
drug

A

Benzodiazepines

61
Q

___________ is a state with pronounced eleva-ons in mood and increased ac-vity

A

Used for Mania

62
Q

When was coca available?

A

1850s

63
Q

symptoms of itching and feeling as if insects are crawling under the skin

A

Formication syndrome

64
Q

Coca was medically used when?

A

1920s

65
Q

What war did they used coca on for the veterans?

A

WWll

66
Q

selling large quantities (500 gm) of cocaine powder will get you a minimum offense of ___________ years.

A

5

67
Q

The _____________ Regulates sell of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine

A

1996 Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act

68
Q

How long does cocain effects last?

A

20-80 minutes

69
Q

How long does amphetamines last?

A

4-12 hours

70
Q

___________ also increases the release of dopamine and norepinephrine

A

Amphetamines

71
Q

___________ is another word for sympathomimetic drugs

A

stimulants

72
Q

___________ is a name for Methlphenidate

A

Ritalin

Drug use and abuse (4 decks)

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