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US Politics PSU > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

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U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

redistributive policies

A

Programs such as tariffs or tax reforms that produce considerable benefits to some segments of society but high costs to others

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2
Q

iron triangle

A

The combination of interest group representatives, legislators, and government administrators seen as extremely influential in determining the outcome of political decisions

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3
Q

House-Senate Conference Committee

A

A joint committee designed to reconcile differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill

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4
Q

distributive policies

A

Programs such as water reclamation projects that provide considerable benefits for a few people and relatively small costs for many, usually provoking little opposition

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5
Q

cloture

A

Rule 22 of the Senate in which discussion on a piece of legislation can be suspended after no more than thirty hours of debate by a vote of sixty members

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6
Q

filibuster

A

Continuing debate designed to prevent consideration of a particular bill; a technique used in the Senate

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7
Q

unanimous consent agreement

A

A common mechanism used by the Senate leadership to limit Senate debate.

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8
Q

Executive Calendar

A

One of two registers of business in the U.S. Senate that contains presidential nominations and treaties

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9
Q

riders

A

Provisions, usually attached to appropriation bills that “ride” into law on the backs of necessary pieces of legislation with which the president would have to veto an entire bill in order to kill the amendment

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10
Q

Committee of the Whole

A

A parliamentary device used by the House of Representatives to facilitate floor consideration of a bill? When the House dissolves itself into the Committee of the Whole, it can suspend formal rules and consider a bill with a quorum of 100 rather than the usual 218.

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11
Q

modified rule

A

Help

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12
Q

closed rule

A

An order from the House Rules Committee that prohibits amendments to a bill under consideration on the House floor

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13
Q

open rule

A

An order from the House Rules Committee whereby amendments to a bill are permitted on the floor

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14
Q

Private Calendar

A

The schedule for House bills that concerns personal rather than general legislative matters

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15
Q

House Calendar

A

The legislative schedule in the House of Representatives for non-money bills

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16
Q

Union Calendar

A

The House schedule for the consideration of tax and appropriation bills

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17
Q

mark-up

A

The process in which a legislative committee sets the precise language and amendments of a bill

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18
Q

legislative assistant (LA)

A

A congressional aide who analyzes bills, drafts laws, writes speeches, and prepares position papers

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19
Q

administrative assistant (AA)

A

Top aide to a member of Congress who frequently acts on behalf of the legislator in dealing with staff, colleagues, constituents, and lobbyists

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20
Q

Congressional seniority

A

Based on a member’s length of continuous service in the Congress, it can affect committee assignments, the amount of office space granted, and even the deference shown a member during floor debate.

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21
Q

standing committees

A

The permanent committees of Congress that alone can approve legislation and send it to the floor of the House or Senate

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22
Q

minority leader (Senate)

A

Leader and chief spokesperson for the minority party in the Senate

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23
Q

majority leader (Senate)

A

Leader and chief spokesperson for the majority party in the Senate

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24
Q

Conference

A

The Republican leadership committee in the House

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25
Q

president pro tempore

A

The presiding officer of the Senate in the absence of the vice president?largely honorific post, usually given to the senior majority party member

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26
Q

Speaker of the House

A

The presiding officer of the House of Representatives, who is selected by the majority party

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27
Q

politico style

A

A manner of representation in which members of Congress attempt to strike a balance between the interests of their constituents and the dictates of their own judgment and conscience

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28
Q

delegate role

A

A concept of legislative work as simply voting the desires of one’s constituents, regardless of one’s own personal views

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29
Q

ex post facto law

A

A law that makes an act a crime after it was committed or increases the punishment for a crime already committed?both prohibited by the Constitution

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30
Q

bill of attainder

A

A law that punishes an individual and bypasses the procedural safeguards of the legal process, prohibited by the Constitution

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31
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

Also called the “elastic clause,” Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, this is the source of “implied powers” for the national government, as explained in McCulloch v. Maryland [17 U.S. (4 Wheaton) 316 (1819)].

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32
Q

executive privilege

A

The right of the president to refuse information requested by Congress and the courts

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33
Q

Prize

A

The Supreme Court ruled in the ______________________ Cases that Lincoln had acted in a proper constitutional fashion in his conduct of the Civil War.

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34
Q

line-item

A

The president does not possess an ___________________ veto, allowing him to veto sections of a bill.

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35
Q

executive agreements

A

Presidents can avoid the need for Senate ratification of treaties by entering into _____________________ ___________________ with foreign governments.

36
Q

multiple advocacy

A

George H. W. Bush’s staged policy debates between his advisors is a process known as _________________ ____________________.

37
Q

Twenty-second

A

A third presidential term is forbidden by the _________________________ Amendment.

38
Q

stewardship theory

A

The broad interpretation of executive power often associated with Theodore Roosevelt is called the ____________________ ______________________.

39
Q

inner Cabinet

A

The group of Cabinet members who handle issues of broad importance such as national security, economy, and justice is called the ____________________ ________________.

40
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

A congressional resolution passed in 1964 granting President Johnson the authority to undertake military activities in Southeast Asia

41
Q

ceremonial

A

As chief of state, the president performs primarily _______________________ duties.

42
Q

commander-in-chief clause

A

Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the clause that names the president as the civilian head of U.S. military forces

43
Q

Case Act

A

Requires the secretary of state to submit to the Senate the final text of any executive agreement and allows agreements concerning sensitive national security matters to be submitted privately to the Senate Foreign Relations and House Foreign Affairs committees.

44
Q

Presidential Succession Act of 1947

A

Established the line of presidential succession after the vice president as follows: the Speaker of the House, the president pro tempore of the Senate, and the Cabinet secretaries in the order of the establishment of their departments

45
Q

executive agreements

A

Agreements between heads of state that, unlike treaties, do not require approval by the Senate?there are no clear legal distinctions between the substance of a treaty and that of an executive agreement.

46
Q

Twenty-fifth Amendment

A

Ratified in 1967, it provides the mechanism for the vice president to assume the presidency in the event of a presidential disability and the selection of a replacement for the vice president should that office become vacant

47
Q

Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)

A

Established by the Employment Act of 1946 as a part of the Executive Office of the President, it consists of a chairperson, usually a prominent academic economist, and two other members who have the primary task of analyzing economic issues for the president.

48
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

An agency in the Executive Office of the President that provides the president with budgetary information and advice and is responsible for compiling the president’s annual budget proposal to Congress

49
Q

National Security Council (NSC)

A

Designed to provide the president with advice and policy coordination on questions of national security its members include the president, the vice president, the secretaries of state and defense, and any other officials the president may add

50
Q

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

A

Created in 1939 to serve as the managerial arm of the presidency, it includes such agencies as the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Council of Economic Advisers.

51
Q

multiple advocacy

A

A system of advising the president in which all sides of an issue are presented

52
Q

inner Cabinet

A

Cabinet officers whose departments handle issues of broad national importance, including the secretaries of state, defense, and the Treasury, and the attorney general

53
Q

outer Cabinet

A

Cabinet officers whose departments deal with sharply defined programs and are subject to considerable pressure from client groups

54
Q

the administration

A

The president plus senior officials such as Cabinet officials, undersecretaries, and the administrators and deputies of the various independent agencies

55
Q

constitutional theory

A

The concept associated with President William Howard Taft, that the president couldn’t exercise any power unless it is based on a specific constitutional provision or legislative grant

56
Q

stewardship theory

A

An expansive theory of presidential power, put forth by Theodore Roosevelt, that holds that the president can undertake any act as long as it is not prohibited by a specific provision of the Constitution or statutory law

57
Q

Twenty-second Amendment

A

Ratified in 1951, it limits the president to two terms in office

58
Q

chief of state

A

The role the president plays as the ceremonial head of the nation that can also make the president a symbol of national unity during times of crisis

59
Q

deregulation

A

Process of reducing the number and scope of government regulations

60
Q

red tape

A

Bureaucratic rules and procedures that seem to complicate and delay needed action unnecessarily

61
Q

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

A

Compilation of U.S. administrative rules currently in effect, classified by agency and subject matter

62
Q

Federal Register

A

A daily government publication that contains proposed and final regulations, presidential proclamations, and executive orders

63
Q

U.S. Code

A

Compilation of laws currently in effect, classified by subject matter, such as transportation or labor

64
Q

slip law

A

The written text of an act of Congress

65
Q

U.S. Statutes-at-Large

A

Chronological compilation, by year, of slip laws passed in each session of Congress

66
Q

quasi-judicial

A

A function of regulatory agencies in which, like a court, they can make decisions in individual cases

67
Q

administrative law judge

A

An officer with relatively independent status in a regulatory agency who presides over and makes findings in judicial proceedings in which the agency’s actions in individual cases are at issue

68
Q

quasi-legislative

A

A function of regulatory agencies in which they can make rules that, like legislation, apply to whole classes of people

69
Q

social regulation

A

Type of regulation in which a government agency issues rules designed to achieve noneconomic policy goals, such as fair treatment in employment, clean air, or safe workplaces

70
Q

regulations

A

Rules devised by government agencies that shape the actions of individuals and groups in order to achieve purposes mandated by law

71
Q

economic regulation

A

Type of regulation in which a government agency issues rules that shape the structure of some industry, such as limiting entrance into the broadcast industry, or banning or encouraging certain business practices

72
Q

iron triangle

A

The combination of interest group representatives, legislators, and government administrators seen as extremely influential in determining the outcome of political decisions

73
Q

legislative veto

A

Congressional power, which the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional in 1983, to halt an executive initiative by a vote of one or both houses or by a congressional committee

74
Q

Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
Report a problem

Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
Report a problem

Office of Personnel Management (OPM)

A

Created in 1981 as part of the Executive Office of the President? focusing on the formulation, coordination, and implementation of domestic and economic policy and providing staff support for the Economic and Domestic Policy Councils

75
Q

Merit Systems Protection Board

A

An agency charged with protecting individual employees against violations of the merit principle or actions taken against whistle-blowers

76
Q

Senior Executive Service (SES)

A

Created by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, a class of civil servants drawn from the highest grades and who might be given bonuses, transferred among agencies, or demoted?all depending on the quality of their work

77
Q

Hatch Act

A

Legislation that prohibits civil servants from participating in partisan political activity

78
Q

Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

A

Legislation designed to improve the level of performance of civil servants by creating incentives for high quality work, protecting whistleblowers, and making it easier to fire inadequate employees

79
Q

Pendleton Act

A

Legislation passed in 1883 that created a Civil Service Commission charged with the task of using merit, rather than partisan political connections, as a condition of government employment

80
Q

spoils system

A

The practice of making appointments to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support in election campaigns

81
Q

independent regulatory commission

A

A type of bureaucratic unit organizationally located outside of an executive department, headed by a group of individuals called a commission, and charged with regulating a specific industry or economic practice

82
Q

government corporation

A

A type of bureaucratic unit that offers some service for which the benefiting individual or institution must pay directly

83
Q

independent agency

A

A type of bureaucratic unit organizationally located outside of an executive department and generally headed by a single individual

84
Q

bureaucrat

A

Individuals working in the executive branch of government who have received their positions on the basis of some type of appointment

85
Q

bureaucracy

A

An organization that exists to accomplish certain goals or objectives called public purposes and that consists of a group of people hired and arranged in a hierarchy because of specific duties they can perform

86
Q

An organization that exists to accomplish certain goals or objectives called public purposes and that consists of a group of people hired and arranged in a hierarchy because of specific duties they can perform

A

bureaucracy

87
Q

bureaucracy

A

An organization that exists to accomplish certain goals or objectives called public purposes and that consists of a group of people hired and arranged in a hierarchy because of specific duties they can perform

US Politics PSU (3 decks)

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