Exam 3

Question 1

Hydrolase

Answer 1

• these enzymes catalyze hydrolisis reactions
• Examples: ester, amide (peptide), glycosidic, and phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed by hydrolase enzymes
• Enzymes such as lipases (esterases), peptidases, amylases, and phosphatases are hydrolase enzymes

Question 2

Isomerase

Answer 2

• these enzymes catalyze intramolecular transformations such that one molecule is converted to one of its isomers
• in carbohydrate metabolism, enzymes such as epimerase and mutase are involved

Question 3

Ligase

Answer 3

• these enzymes catalyze formation of bonds between carbon and other atoms, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur
• Enzymes such as synthases, are ligase enzymes
• In more general terms, ligation or ligase reaction refers to a synthesis reaction

Question 4

Lyase

Answer 4

• these enzymes catalyze breakage of carbon-carbon, carbon-sulfur, and carbon-nitrogen bonds (but not peptide bonds)
• Reactions in which CO2 groups are removed, carbon chains are shortened, or hydroxy groups are removed are catalyzed by lyases

Question 5

Oxidoreductase

Answer 5

• these enzymes catalyse oxidation (loss of a H+) and reduction (gain of a H+) reactions.
• Many reactions involve numerous steps to produce the desired products
• Very often oxidation and reduction reactions are part of these reaction sequences
• Enzymes known as dehydrogenases are common examples of oxidoreductases

Question 6

Transferase

Answer 6

• as the name implies, these enzymes catalyze transfer of certain funcitonal groups from one molecule to another
• Acyl-, amino-, carbonyl-, carboxyl-, mehtyl-, and phosphoryl- transferases are common in cellular metabolism

Question 7

First Order Reaction

Answer 7

Question 8

Allosteric Enzymes

Answer 8

Binds relatively slowly

Question 9

Answer 9

Glycerol

Question 10

Answer 10

Glyceraldehyde

Question 11

Answer 11

Dihydroxyacetone

Question 12

Answer 12

Maltose, alpha (1–>4) glycosidic bond

Question 13

Answer 13

Cellobiose, beta(1 –> 4) glycosidic bond

Question 14

Answer 14

Glycine

(Gly)

Question 15

Answer 15

Alanine

(Ala)

Question 16

Answer 16

Valine

(Val)

Question 17

Answer 17

Leucine

(Leu)

Question 18

Answer 18

Isoleucine

(Ile)

Question 19

Answer 19

Proline

(Pro)

Question 20

Answer 20

Tryptophan

(Trp)

Question 21

Answer 21

Phenylalanine

(Phe)

Question 22

Answer 22

Methionine

(Met)

Question 23

Answer 23

Serine

(Ser)

Question 24

Answer 24

Threonine

(Thr)

Question 25

Answer 25

Tyrosine

(Tyr)

Question 26

Answer 26

Cystine

(Cys)

Question 27

Answer 27

Glutamic Acid

(Glu)

Question 28

Answer 28

Aspartic Acid

(Asp)

Question 29

Answer 29

Glutamine

(Gln)

Question 30

Answer 30

Asparagine

(Asn)

Question 31

Answer 31

Histidine

(His)

Question 32

Answer 32

Lysine

(Lys)

Question 33

Answer 33

Arginine

(Arg)

Question 34

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 34

1. Phe
2. Val
3. Thr
4. Trp
5. Ile
6. Met
7. His
8. Arg
9. Leu
10. Lys

Question 35

Answer 35

Starch

Question 36

Answer 36

Cellulose

Question 37

Adding phasphate to glucose

Answer 37

Glucose + ATP –> Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP