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Metabolism > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Alkene

A

Carbon-carbon double bond

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2
Q

Alcohol

A

Hydroxy compounds

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3
Q

Ethers

A

The O- linked compounds

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4
Q

Thiols and sulfides

A

Sulfur containing

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5
Q

Aldehydes and ketones

A

Common in sugars

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6
Q

Carboxylic Acids

A

Fatty acids

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7
Q

Amines

A

Nitrogen containing compounds

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8
Q

Aromatic

A

Benzene

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9
Q

1 carbon

A

Methane

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10
Q

2 carbons

A

Ethane

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11
Q

3 carbons

A

Propane

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12
Q

4 carbons

A

Butane

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13
Q

5 carbons

A

Pentane

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14
Q

6 carbons

A

Hexane

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15
Q

7 carbons

A

Heptane

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16
Q

8 carbons

A

Octane

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17
Q

9 carbons

A

Nonane

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18
Q

10 carbons

A

Decane

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19
Q

11 carbons

A

Undecane

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20
Q

12 carbons

A

Dodecane

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21
Q

13 carbons

A

Tridecane

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22
Q

14 carbons

A

Tetradecane

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23
Q

15 carbons

A

Pentadecane

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24
Q

16 carbons

A

Hexadecane

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25
Q

17 carbons

A

Heptadecane

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26
Q

18 carbons

A

Octadecane

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27
Q

19 carbons

A

Nonadecane

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28
Q

20 carbons

A

Eicosone

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29
Q

21 carbons

A

Heneicosane

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30
Q

22 carbons

A

Docosaeicosane

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31
Q

VFA

A

Acetate
Butyrate
Propionate

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32
Q

Rumensin

A

Fed to increase feed efficiency of beef cattle so that more pounds of bod weight gain per unit of feed intake is possible

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33
Q

Alkenes (CH2=CH2)

A

Carbon-carbon double bond

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34
Q

Bacteria in the rumen

A

Produce enzymes that hydrogenate, or saturate, the alkene backbone of unsaturated fatty acids (expose the backbone to H2 and d a catalyst and the hydrogen atoms are attached to carbons where double bonds occur)

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35
Q

Ethers (CH3-O-CH3)

A

A hydrocarbon bonded by an oxygen atom

36
Q

Alcohols and hydrogen bonds

A

Can form hydrogen bonds allowing for a higher BP and greater solubility in H2O (methanol and 1,2-ethandiol or ethylene glycol)

37
Q

Ethers and hydrogen bonds

A

No hydrogen bonding so lower BP and insoluble in water

38
Q

Thiols (sulfur containing hydrocarbons)

A

R-SH

39
Q

Sulfide (sulfur containing hydrocarbons)

A

R-S-R

40
Q

Aldehyde (carbon-oxygen double bond)

A

R-C-H
ll
O

41
Q

Ketone (carbon-oxygen double bond)

A

R-C-R
ll
O

42
Q

Properties of aldehydes and ketones

A
  • electrophilic carbon
  • nucleophylic oxygen
  • water soluble because of polarization of carbonyl
43
Q

Carboxylic acids (the functional group of the fatty acids and amino acids

A

O
ll
R-C-OH

44
Q

CH3COOH

A

Acetic Acid

Ethanoic Acid

45
Q

CH3CH2COOH

A

Propionic Acid

Propanoic Acid

46
Q

CH3CH2CH2COOH

A

Butyric Acid

Butanoic Acid

47
Q

CH3(CH2)3COOH

A

Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

48
Q

CH3(CH2)4COOH

A

Caprioc Acid

Hexanoic Acid

49
Q

CH3(CH2)6COOH

A

Caprylic Acid

Octanoic Acid

50
Q

CH3(CH2)8COOH

A

Capric Acid

Decanoic Acid

51
Q

CH3(CH2)10COOH

A

Lauric Acid

Dodecanoic Acid

52
Q

CH3(CH2)12COOH

A

Myristic Acid

Tetradecanoic Acid

53
Q

CH3(CH2)14COOH

A

Palmitic Acid

Hexadecanoic Acid

54
Q

CH3(CH2)16COOH

A

Stearic Acid

Octadecanoic Acid

55
Q

CH3(CH2)18COOH

A

Arachidic Acid

Eicosanoic Acid

56
Q

CH3(CH2)20COOH

A

Behenic Acid

Docosanoic Acid

57
Q

(cis-9-)hexadecenoic

A

palmitoleic acid

58
Q

(Cis-9-)octadecenoic acid

A

Oleic acid

59
Q

(Trans-9-)octadecenoic acid

A

Elaidic acid

60
Q

(Cis-9, cis-12-)octadecadienoic acid

A

Linoleic

61
Q

(All-cis-6,9,12-)octadecatrienoic acid

A

Gamma linolenic

Omega 6

62
Q

(All-cis-9,12,15-)octadecatrientoic acid

A

Beta linolenic

Omega 3

63
Q

(All-cis-5,8,11,14-)eicosatetraenoic acid

A

EPA

Omega 3

64
Q

(All-cis-7,10, 13,16,19-)docosapentaenoic

A

DPA

65
Q

(All-cis-4,7,10, 13, 16, 19-) docohexaenoic

A

DHA

Omega 3

66
Q

16:0

A

Palmitic Acid

67
Q

18:0

A

Stearic acid

68
Q

18:1 cis-9

A

Oleic Acid

69
Q

18:2 cis-9, cis-12

A

Linoleic Acid

70
Q

18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis- 15

A

Linolenic Acid

71
Q

18:2 cis-9, trans-11

A

Conjugated linoleic acid

72
Q

20:4 cis-5, cis-8, cis-11, cis-14

A

Arachidonic acid

73
Q

Biohydrogenation

A

Involves hydrogenation of a compound by living organisms

74
Q

Intermediates

A

CLA and trans-vaccenic acid

75
Q

Omega 3 Fatty Acids

A

alpha- Linolenic
EPA
DPA
DHA

76
Q

Omega 6 Fatty Acids

A

Linoleic

Arachidonic

77
Q

Beef Fat

A
  1. Oleic acid (45-50%)
  2. Palmitic acid (30%)
  3. Stearic acid (15%)
  4. Linoleic acid

Trans fattys
1. Vaccinia or elaidic

78
Q

Beef muscle

A
  1. Oleic acid (30-40%)
  2. Linoleic Acid (7-10%)
  3. Linolenic Acid (3%)
79
Q

Milk Fat

A

Higher proportions of 12:0 and 14:0

Similar proportions of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1

80
Q

Amines (the functional group of amino acids and proteins)

A

R-NH2

81
Q

Aromatic groups

A

The functional group of benzene-containing hydrocarbons

82
Q

Esters

A

Reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces a carboxyl ester

83
Q

Enzymes catalyze esterification of fatty acids…._____________

A

To glycerol to produce triacylglycerols and phospholipids

84
Q

ATP

A

The primary energy currency of the cell

85
Q

Thioester

A

Provides the energy needed to drive esterification to glycerol to form triacylglycerols

86
Q

CoASH

A

A large molecule containing ADP, pantothenic acid, and a terminal sulfhydryl (SH)

Metabolism (7 decks)

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