Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Alkene
A
Carbon-carbon double bond
2
Q
Alcohol
A
Hydroxy compounds
3
Q
Ethers
A
The O- linked compounds
4
Q
Thiols and sulfides
A
Sulfur containing
5
Q
Aldehydes and ketones
A
Common in sugars
6
Q
Carboxylic Acids
A
Fatty acids
7
Q
Amines
A
Nitrogen containing compounds
8
Q
Aromatic
A
Benzene
9
Q
1 carbon
A
Methane
10
Q
2 carbons
A
Ethane
11
Q
3 carbons
A
Propane
12
Q
4 carbons
A
Butane
13
Q
5 carbons
A
Pentane
14
Q
6 carbons
A
Hexane
15
Q
7 carbons
A
Heptane
16
Q
8 carbons
A
Octane
17
Q
9 carbons
A
Nonane
18
Q
10 carbons
A
Decane
19
Q
11 carbons
A
Undecane
20
Q
12 carbons
A
Dodecane
21
Q
13 carbons
A
Tridecane
22
Q
14 carbons
A
Tetradecane
23
Q
15 carbons
A
Pentadecane
24
Q
16 carbons
A
Hexadecane
25
17 carbons
Heptadecane
26
18 carbons
Octadecane
27
19 carbons
Nonadecane
28
20 carbons
Eicosone
29
21 carbons
Heneicosane
30
22 carbons
Docosaeicosane
31
VFA
Acetate
Butyrate
Propionate
32
Rumensin
Fed to increase feed efficiency of beef cattle so that more pounds of bod weight gain per unit of feed intake is possible
33
Alkenes (CH2=CH2)
Carbon-carbon double bond
34
Bacteria in the rumen
Produce enzymes that hydrogenate, or saturate, the alkene backbone of unsaturated fatty acids (expose the backbone to H2 and d a catalyst and the hydrogen atoms are attached to carbons where double bonds occur)
35
Ethers (CH3-O-CH3)
A hydrocarbon bonded by an oxygen atom
36
Alcohols and hydrogen bonds
Can form hydrogen bonds allowing for a higher BP and greater solubility in H2O (methanol and 1,2-ethandiol or ethylene glycol)
37
Ethers and hydrogen bonds
No hydrogen bonding so lower BP and insoluble in water
38
Thiols (sulfur containing hydrocarbons)
R-SH
39
Sulfide (sulfur containing hydrocarbons)
R-S-R
40
Aldehyde (carbon-oxygen double bond)
R-C-H
ll
O
41
Ketone (carbon-oxygen double bond)
R-C-R
ll
O
42
Properties of aldehydes and ketones
- electrophilic carbon
- nucleophylic oxygen
- water soluble because of polarization of carbonyl
43
Carboxylic acids (the functional group of the fatty acids and amino acids
O
ll
R-C-OH
44
CH3COOH
Acetic Acid
| Ethanoic Acid
45
CH3CH2COOH
Propionic Acid
| Propanoic Acid
46
CH3CH2CH2COOH
Butyric Acid
| Butanoic Acid
47
CH3(CH2)3COOH
Valeric Acid
| Pentanoic Acid
48
CH3(CH2)4COOH
Caprioc Acid
| Hexanoic Acid
49
CH3(CH2)6COOH
Caprylic Acid
| Octanoic Acid
50
CH3(CH2)8COOH
Capric Acid
| Decanoic Acid
51
CH3(CH2)10COOH
Lauric Acid
| Dodecanoic Acid
52
CH3(CH2)12COOH
Myristic Acid
| Tetradecanoic Acid
53
CH3(CH2)14COOH
Palmitic Acid
| Hexadecanoic Acid
54
CH3(CH2)16COOH
Stearic Acid
| Octadecanoic Acid
55
CH3(CH2)18COOH
Arachidic Acid
| Eicosanoic Acid
56
CH3(CH2)20COOH
Behenic Acid
| Docosanoic Acid
57
(cis-9-)hexadecenoic
palmitoleic acid
58
(Cis-9-)octadecenoic acid
Oleic acid
59
(Trans-9-)octadecenoic acid
Elaidic acid
60
(Cis-9, cis-12-)octadecadienoic acid
Linoleic
61
(All-cis-6,9,12-)octadecatrienoic acid
Gamma linolenic
| Omega 6
62
(All-cis-9,12,15-)octadecatrientoic acid
Beta linolenic
| Omega 3
63
(All-cis-5,8,11,14-)eicosatetraenoic acid
EPA
| Omega 3
64
(All-cis-7,10, 13,16,19-)docosapentaenoic
DPA
65
(All-cis-4,7,10, 13, 16, 19-) docohexaenoic
DHA
| Omega 3
66
16:0
Palmitic Acid
67
18:0
Stearic acid
68
18:1 cis-9
Oleic Acid
69
18:2 cis-9, cis-12
Linoleic Acid
70
18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis- 15
Linolenic Acid
71
18:2 cis-9, trans-11
Conjugated linoleic acid
72
20:4 cis-5, cis-8, cis-11, cis-14
Arachidonic acid
73
Biohydrogenation
Involves hydrogenation of a compound by living organisms
74
Intermediates
CLA and trans-vaccenic acid
75
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
alpha- Linolenic
EPA
DPA
DHA
76
Omega 6 Fatty Acids
Linoleic
| Arachidonic
77
Beef Fat
1. Oleic acid (45-50%)
2. Palmitic acid (30%)
3. Stearic acid (15%)
4. Linoleic acid
Trans fattys
1. Vaccinia or elaidic
78
Beef muscle
1. Oleic acid (30-40%)
2. Linoleic Acid (7-10%)
3. Linolenic Acid (3%)
79
Milk Fat
Higher proportions of 12:0 and 14:0
| Similar proportions of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1
80
Amines (the functional group of amino acids and proteins)
R-NH2
81
Aromatic groups
The functional group of benzene-containing hydrocarbons
82
Esters
Reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces a carboxyl ester
83
Enzymes catalyze esterification of fatty acids...._____________
To glycerol to produce triacylglycerols and phospholipids
84
ATP
The primary energy currency of the cell
85
Thioester
Provides the energy needed to drive esterification to glycerol to form triacylglycerols
86
CoASH
A large molecule containing ADP, pantothenic acid, and a terminal sulfhydryl (SH)
