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Kinesiology 2 (PT 732) > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

atlanto-occipital joint type:

A

synovial condyloid

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2
Q

antlantoaxial joint type:

A
  • median: synovial pivot

- 2 lateral: synovial, condyloid?

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3
Q

interbody joint types:

A

symphyses (amphiarthroses)

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4
Q

facet joint types

A

synovial planar

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5
Q

vertebrocostal joint types:

A

synovial planar

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6
Q

c-spine flexion:

A

40-60 degrees

for lab: 0-50

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7
Q

c-spine extension

A

60-80 degrees

for lab: 0-80

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8
Q

c-spine lateral flexion

A

35-50 degrees

for lab: 0-45

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9
Q

c-spine rotation

A

65-90 degrees

for lab: 0-80

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10
Q

c-spine open pack positon

A

slight extension

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11
Q

c-spine closed pack position

A

full extension

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12
Q

c-spine capsular pattern

A

side flexion and rotation equally limited, then extension

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13
Q

effect of max flexion on size of intervertebral foramen

A
  • causes an upward/forward movement of inferior articular facet of superior vertebrae
  • opening of apophyseal joint increases size of intervertebral foramen
  • provides greater room for passage of spinal nerve root
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14
Q

innervation of interbody joints

A

ventral rami: sinuvertebral nerves

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15
Q

innervation of PLL

A

ventral rami: sinuvertebral nerves

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16
Q

innervation of z joint capsules

A

dorsal rami

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17
Q

association of spinal nerves exiting with vertebrae:

A
  • C1-C7 above their level of vertebrae
  • C8 below C7 vertebrae
  • T1-S5 below their level vertebrae
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18
Q

innervation of intertransversarri

A

ventral rami (in C spine)

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19
Q

innervation of interspinalis muscles

A

dorsal cervical rami

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20
Q

innervation of transversospinalis

A

(multifidi, semispinalis, rotatores)

-dorsal rami cervical spinal nerves

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21
Q

splenius capitis/cervicis innervation

A

dorsal rami cervical spinal nerves

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22
Q

levator scapula innervation

A
  • dorsal scapular nerve

- ventral rami C3, C4

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23
Q

longissimus capitis/cervicis

innervation

A

dorsal rami cervical spinal nerves

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24
Q

trapezius innervation

A
  • accessory nerve

- cervical nerves C3, C4

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25
Q

longus capitis/cervicis innervation

A

ventral rami C1-C3/ C2-C6

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26
Q

rectus capitis lateralis/anterior

innervation

A

ventral rami C1-C2

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27
Q

scalenes (anterior, middle, post) innervation

A

ventral rami C4-C6, C7-C8

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28
Q

sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

accessory nerve
C2
C3

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29
Q

muscles that rotate contralaterally:

A
  • trapezius
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalene muscles
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30
Q

action of rectus capitis lateralis:

A
  • bilateral flexion

- ipsilateral lateral flexion

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31
Q

action of rectus capitis anterior

A
  • bilateral flexion

- ipsilateral lateral flexion

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32
Q

action of sternocleidomastoid

A
  • bilateral flexion
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • contralateral rotation
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33
Q

action of longus colli

A
  • bilateral flexion
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
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34
Q

action of longus capitis

A
  • bilateral flexion
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
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35
Q

action of scalenes (ant/middle)

A
  • bilateral flexion
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • contralateral rotation
36
Q

rectus capitis posterior major actions:

A
  • bilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
37
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor actions

A
  • bilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
38
Q

superior oblique actions

A
  • bilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
39
Q

inferior oblique actions

A
  • bilateral extension

- ipsilateral rotation

40
Q

semispinalis capitis actions

A
  • bi and unilateral extension

- ipsilateral lateral flexion

41
Q

semispinalis cervicis actions

A
  • bi and unilateral extension

- ipsilateral lateral flexion

42
Q

splenius captitis actions

A
  • bi and unilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
43
Q

splenius cervicis actions

A
  • bi and unilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
44
Q

levator scapulae action

A
  • bi and unilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
45
Q

longissimus capitis action

A
  • bi and unilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • ipsilateral rotation
46
Q

trapezius actions

A
  • bilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • contralateral rotation
47
Q

sternocleidomastoid actions

A
  • bilateral extension
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • contralateral rotation
48
Q

interspinales action

A

spine extension

49
Q

intertransversarii action

A
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • extension (bilateral)
  • best for stabilization since don’t produce much torque
50
Q

levels skipped for transversospinalis muscles:

A

1 level: rotatores
2-4: multifidus
4-6: semispinalis

51
Q

muscle functions of the c-spine:

A
  • stabilize head (dynamic stability/stiffness)
  • maintain cervical spine lordosis (ability to deal with axial forces)
  • position head
  • move head and neck
52
Q

muscle with greatest moment arm for flexion/lateral flexion:

A

sternocleidomastoid

53
Q

muscle with greatest moment arm for extension:

A

semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis

54
Q

muscle with greatest moment arm of rotation and extension

A

trapezius

55
Q

extensor muscles are most efficient in:

A

neutral

56
Q

neutral zone:

A
  • region of little passive resistance

- staying within zone requires relatively small amounts of muscle force = less compression force and JRF

57
Q

axis of motion for rotation is driven by:

A

facet joints

58
Q

major restrictor of anterior tilt of C2

A

transverse ligament along dens

59
Q

kyphotic curve of t-spine caused by:

A

wedge shape of vertebral bodies

-smaller anterior

60
Q

superior articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face:

A

posterior

slightly lateral

61
Q

inferior articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face:

A

anterior

slightly medial

62
Q

how to identify spinous processes in the thoracic spine:

A 
T1-3: same level as vertebra
T4-6: halfway between T process of same level and vertebra below
T7-10: one level below
T11: halfway between
T12: similar to T3
63
Q

rib articulations with t-spine:

A

T1, 10-12 have one vertebral articulation

  • 2 demifacets for T2-T9
  • articulates with superior aspect for rib at that level
64
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

-connect individually to sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions called costal cartilages

65
Q

false ribs

A

8-12

  • costal cartilages do not attach directly to the sternum
  • fuse to costal cartilage of rib 7
66
Q

floating ribs

A

11-12

-no connection with the sternum

67
Q

t-spine flexion ROM

A

30-40 degrees

68
Q

t-spine extension ROM

A

20-25 degrees

69
Q

t-spine lateral flexion ROM

A

25-30 degrees

70
Q

t-spine rotation ROM

A

30-35 degrees

71
Q

open pack position of t-spine

A

neutral

72
Q

closed pack position of t-spine

A

extension

73
Q

capsular pattern of T-spine

A

side flexion and rotation equally limited, then extension

74
Q

coupling in upper t spine:

A

ipsilateral (but variable)

75
Q

coupling in mid and lower t-spine:

A

rotexion: begin with rotation and add ipsilateral sidebending
latexion: begin with side bending and then add contralateral rotation

76
Q

axis of rotation for pump handle movement of ribs:

A

medio-lateral axis of rotation

77
Q

axis of rotation for bucket handle action of ribs:

A

ant/post axis of rotation

78
Q

where in the thoracic cage is each type of rib movement predominant?

A

pump handle: upper thoracic cage

bucket handle: lower thoracic cage

79
Q

external intercostal fibers run:

A

inferior and medial

  • most developed laterally
  • most superficial
80
Q

internal intercostal fibers run:

A

inferior and lateral

-most developed by the sternum

81
Q

innermost intercostal fibers run:

A

parallel to inner intercostals (inferior and lateral)

-most developed in lower thorax

82
Q

muscle group that has most effective leverage for lateral flexion:

A

erector spinae

83
Q

most developed of erector spinae

A

longissimus

84
Q

interspinalis and intertransversarius muscles are most developed in:

A

cervical region

85
Q

axis of rotation of head and neck of a rib during elevation

A

parallel with the associated transverse process (p. 455)

Kinesiology 2 (PT 732) (5 decks)

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