Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Hypotonic
A
Into the cell
2
Q
Hypertonic
A
Out of the cell
3
Q
Passive
A
Moves molecules from high to low concentration
4
Q
Active
A
Moves molecules from low to high concentration
5
Q
Channel protein
A
Move large non specific molecules from a high to low concentration
6
Q
Active carrier
A
Carry large specific molecules from a low to high concentration using energy
7
Q
Passive carrier
A
Carry large specific molecules from a high to low concentration with no energy
8
Q
Mendel’s five concepts
A
- Alternative versions of genes cause variation in inherited traits.
- Offspring inherit one copy of a gene from each parent.
- An allele is dominant if it has exclusive control over the phenotype of an organism when paired with a different allele.
- Two copies of a gene separate in meiosis and end up in different gametes.
- Gametes fuse without regard to which alleles they carry.
9
Q
Mendel’s first and second laws
A
- Segregation, two copies of a gene separate during meiosis and end up in different gametes. This law can be used to predict how a single trait will be inherited.
- Independent Assortment, when gametes form the separation of the two copies (alleles) of one gene during meiosis is independent of the separation of the copies of other genes. This was an experiment to show two-trait experiment to prove the second law
10
Q
extensions of Mendel’s laws
A
- Incomplete dominance o Heterozygote is an intermediate o Ex. horses - Codominance o Both alleles are expressed o Ex. Blood types - Pleiotropy o A single gene influences a variety of traits o Ex. albinism - Epistasis o Gene interaction affects the phenotype o Ex. BB or Bb, black; bb, brown; cc, white - Environmental Effects o Internal and external conditions influence phenotype o Ex. Temperature - Polygenic traits o Trait is determined by two or more genes o Ex. Skin color
11
Q
Carbohydrates
A
examples: Simple: sugars Complex: pasta monomers: - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen - Monosaccharide functions: - Provide short term memories - Can form plant structure
12
Q
Lipids
A
Examples: - Oils - Dish soap monomers: - Carbon, hydrogen - Glycerol and fatty acids functions: - Make cell membrane - Long term energy
13
Q
Proteins
A
Examples: - Protein shakes - Dairy products monomers: - Amino acids Functions: - Make up hair and nails - Make up antibodies
14
Q
Nucleic Acids
A
examples: - DNA - RNA monomers: - Nucleotides functions: - Genetic material - RNA can carry DNA message out of the nucleus
15
Q
differences between DNA and RNA
A
a. DNA is double stranded
b. RNA is ribose sugar
c. DNA is A,T,C,G
d. RNA synthesizes proteins in living organisms
