Exam 3 Flashcards
Descartes had been disillusioned by his discovery that many of the alleged truths learned in his youth were _____.
false
Descartes says that, for all he knows, he may be _____.
dreaming
Descartes declares that an evil demon _____.
could possibly be defeating him
Descartes argues against trusting the senses on the grounds that _____.
they sometimes deceive him
Descartes declares that he is _____.
a thing that thinks
Descartes reasons that the very fact that he is thinking shows that _____.
he exists
At first Descartes supposes that everything he sees is _____.
false
Berkeley asserts that existing and perceiving are _____.
one and the same thing
Berkeley insists that heat and cold are _____.
only sensations existing in our minds
Berkeley believes that sensible things cannot exist except in _____.
a mind
According to Hobbes, whenever and wherever men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, there is _____.
war
According to Hobbes, in the state of nature, notions of right and wrong or justice and injustice _____.
have no place
According to Hobbes, in the condition of man in which there is a state of war of everyone against everyone, every man has a right to _____.
everything
According to Hobbes, the definition of injustice is _____.
failure to abide by a contract
According to Locke, every man, by consenting with others to make one body politic under one government, puts himself under an obligation to everyone of that society to submit to the determination of_____.
the majority
According to Locke, a man in the state of nature will relinquish his absolute freedom to the state because _____.
in the state of nature the enjoyment of his freedom is very uncertain and vulnerable
According to Locke, the chief end of men’s uniting into a commonwealth is _____.
the preservation of their property
According to Locke, the legislative power is limited by _____.
the impartial rule of established laws
According to Rawls, behind the veil of ignorance, the principles of justice are _____.
the result of a fair agreement or bargain
According to Rawls, the term “justice as fairness” conveys the idea that the principles of justice are agreed to in an initial position that is _____.
fair
What does the notion of “meaning in life” refer to?
internal meaning
What are the two principal answers to whether life has any meaning for us?
the pessimist’s view and the optimist’s view
How did Tolstoy’s life change after his crisis of meaning?
he became religious
Before Tolstoy’s Christian conversion, what was his perspective on the meaning of life?
pessimist
Before his conversion, what was Tolstoy surrounded by?
what is considered complete happiness
What was Schopenhauer’s attitude toward life?
he thought life was bereft of meaning
What was Clarence Darrow’s belief about life’s meaning?
life was not worthwhile
Baggini accuses pessimists of mixing up the two senses of _____.
meaning
Baggini says that almost all deniers of meaning in life really seem to be rejecting only the idea that life has _____.
external meaning
Most of those who take the externalist approach to meaning view the matter from a _____ standpoint.
religious
