Exam 1 Flashcards
The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and
Logic
For Socrates, and unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to
The soul
For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of
Knowledge
A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as
The Socratic method
If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as
Reductio ad absurdum
The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called
The philosophical method
The study of reality in the broadest sense, and inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as
Metaphysics
Questions like “what is knowledge” and “what is truth” are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as
Epistemology
According to Craig the kalam cosmological argument establishes that
The universe has a cause
Craig says and actually infinite number of things
Cannot exist
Craig argues that the series of events in time cannot be actually infinite, so we know that
The universe is finite in the past and began to exist
According to act Aquinas, the infinite regress of causes is
Impossible
Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is
God
Hayley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exist in the watch exists in
The works of nature
Paley maintains that the key difference between the contrivance of a Watch and that of nature is that the latter is
Greater and grander
According to palely, we must conclude that I watch had an intelligent designer if the watch
Shows purposefulness
Philo says that the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is
Weak
Anselm assumes that it being that exist in reality is greater than a being that
Exists only in the understanding
Define appeal to ignorance
logical fallacy in which something must be true if it has not been proven false and vice versa
define appeal to popularity
logical fallacy in which something must be true because a lot of people believe it
define appeal to the person
logical fallacy in which a statement is rejected simply because of who says it
define argument
statement coupled with other statements that are meant to support that statement
define axiology
the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value
define begging the question
logical fallacy in which you try to prove a conclusion by using that conclusion as support
define composition
logical fallacy in which someone argues that what can be said of the parts can also be said of the whole
define conclusion
in an argument, the statement being supported
define deductive argument
an argument intended to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion
define division
the fallacy of arguing that what can be said of the whole can be said of the parts
define epistemology
the study of knowledge
define equivocation
the fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same significant word in an argument
define ethics
the study of morality using the methods of philosophy
define fallacy
a common but bad argument
deine false dilemma
the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from
define genetic fallacy
the fallacy of arguing that a a statement can be judged as true or false based on its source
define inductive argument
an argument intended to give probably support to its conclusion
define logic
the study of correct reasoning
define metaphysics
the study of reality, an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the universe and things in it
define premise
in an argument, the statement supporting the conclusion
define reductio ad absurdum
if you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false
define slippery slope
the fallacy of arguing that a particular action should not be taken because it will inevitably lead to other bad actions
define socratic method
question and answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth
define straw man
the fallacy of misinterpreting a persons view to make them easier to attack
define agnostic
someone who neither accepts nor denies God’s existence
define argument from evil
an argument meant to show that since there is unnecessary evil, God must not exist
define argument from religious experience
a person seems to have experiences God; the experience must have been a genuine encounter with God; therefore, God probably exists
define cosmological argument
arguments that try to show that from the face that the universe exists, God exists
define deism
belief in one God that created the world but left it unattended to run on its own
define dharma
the Buddha’s system of teachings about the true nature of reality and how to live correctly to transcend it
define evidentialism
the view that we are justified in believing something only if it is supported by sufficient evidence
define ontological argument
an argument that tries to demonstrate God’s existence by logical analysis of the concept of God
define pantheism
the view that although God and the world are distinct, the world is part of God
define teleological arguments
arguments that try to show that God must exist because features of the universe show signs of purpose or design
