Exam 1

Question 1

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and

Answer 1

Logic

Question 2

For Socrates, and unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to

Answer 2

The soul

Question 3

For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of

Answer 3

Knowledge

Question 4

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as

Answer 4

The Socratic method

Question 5

If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as

Answer 5

Reductio ad absurdum

Question 6

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called

Answer 6

The philosophical method

Question 7

The study of reality in the broadest sense, and inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as

Answer 7

Metaphysics

Question 8

Questions like “what is knowledge” and “what is truth” are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as

Answer 8

Epistemology

Question 9

According to Craig the kalam cosmological argument establishes that

Answer 9

The universe has a cause

Question 10

Craig says and actually infinite number of things

Answer 10

Cannot exist

Question 11

Craig argues that the series of events in time cannot be actually infinite, so we know that

Answer 11

The universe is finite in the past and began to exist

Question 12

According to act Aquinas, the infinite regress of causes is

Answer 12

Impossible

Question 13

Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is

Answer 13

God

Question 14

Hayley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exist in the watch exists in

Answer 14

The works of nature

Question 15

Paley maintains that the key difference between the contrivance of a Watch and that of nature is that the latter is

Answer 15

Greater and grander

Question 16

According to palely, we must conclude that I watch had an intelligent designer if the watch

Answer 16

Shows purposefulness

Question 17

Philo says that the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is

Answer 17

Weak

Question 18

Anselm assumes that it being that exist in reality is greater than a being that

Answer 18

Exists only in the understanding

Question 19

Define appeal to ignorance

Answer 19

logical fallacy in which something must be true if it has not been proven false and vice versa

Question 20

define appeal to popularity

Answer 20

logical fallacy in which something must be true because a lot of people believe it

Question 21

define appeal to the person

Answer 21

logical fallacy in which a statement is rejected simply because of who says it

Question 22

define argument

Answer 22

statement coupled with other statements that are meant to support that statement

Question 23

define axiology

Answer 23

the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value

Question 24

define begging the question

Answer 24

logical fallacy in which you try to prove a conclusion by using that conclusion as support

Question 25

define composition

Answer 25

logical fallacy in which someone argues that what can be said of the parts can also be said of the whole

Question 26

define conclusion

Answer 26

in an argument, the statement being supported

Question 27

define deductive argument

Answer 27

an argument intended to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion

Question 28

define division

Answer 28

the fallacy of arguing that what can be said of the whole can be said of the parts

Question 29

define epistemology

Answer 29

the study of knowledge

Question 30

define equivocation

Answer 30

the fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same significant word in an argument

Question 31

define ethics

Answer 31

the study of morality using the methods of philosophy

Question 32

define fallacy

Answer 32

a common but bad argument

Question 33

deine false dilemma

Answer 33

the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from

Question 34

define genetic fallacy

Answer 34

the fallacy of arguing that a a statement can be judged as true or false based on its source

Question 35

define inductive argument

Answer 35

an argument intended to give probably support to its conclusion

Question 36

define logic

Answer 36

the study of correct reasoning

Question 37

define metaphysics

Answer 37

the study of reality, an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the universe and things in it

Question 38

define premise

Answer 38

in an argument, the statement supporting the conclusion

Question 39

define reductio ad absurdum

Answer 39

if you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false

Question 40

define slippery slope

Answer 40

the fallacy of arguing that a particular action should not be taken because it will inevitably lead to other bad actions

Question 41

define socratic method

Answer 41

question and answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth

Question 42

define straw man

Answer 42

the fallacy of misinterpreting a persons view to make them easier to attack

Question 43

define agnostic

Answer 43

someone who neither accepts nor denies God’s existence

Question 44

define argument from evil

Answer 44

an argument meant to show that since there is unnecessary evil, God must not exist

Question 45

define argument from religious experience

Answer 45

a person seems to have experiences God; the experience must have been a genuine encounter with God; therefore, God probably exists

Question 46

define cosmological argument

Answer 46

arguments that try to show that from the face that the universe exists, God exists

Question 47

define deism

Answer 47

belief in one God that created the world but left it unattended to run on its own

Question 48

define dharma

Answer 48

the Buddha’s system of teachings about the true nature of reality and how to live correctly to transcend it

Question 49

define evidentialism

Answer 49

the view that we are justified in believing something only if it is supported by sufficient evidence

Question 50

define ontological argument

Answer 50

an argument that tries to demonstrate God’s existence by logical analysis of the concept of God

Question 51

define pantheism

Answer 51

the view that although God and the world are distinct, the world is part of God

Question 52

define teleological arguments

Answer 52

arguments that try to show that God must exist because features of the universe show signs of purpose or design