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PDA 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Glucocorticoids/mineralcorticoids and secreted by which gland

A

adrenal gland

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2
Q

glucocorticoids _____ and are regulated by

A

raise blood glucose level

ACTH

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3
Q

mineralcorticoids _____ and are regulated by

A

reabsorption of N+, H2O and excretion of K+, H+, in kidneys

K+ in blood, angiotensin III

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4
Q

Which glands secrete androgens/ovaries?

A

testis- androgens

ovaries- estrogens and progestagens

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5
Q

Role of androgens and what are they regulated by

A

sperm formation, male secondary sex characteristics

FSH and LH

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6
Q

Role of estrogen and progestagens and what are they regulated by

A

est: uterine lining growth, female secondary sex characteristics
progest: uterine lining growth

FSH and LH

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7
Q

Estrane

A

18 carbons

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8
Q

Androstane

A

19 carbons

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9
Q

Pregnane

A

21 carbons

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10
Q

Cholestane

A

27 carbons

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11
Q

Cholane

A

24 carbons

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12
Q

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene (CPPP)

A

17 carbon structure
3-rings A,B,C (and D but apparently that doesn’t count)
base structure for mammalian steroids

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13
Q

how many conformations isomers are possible

A

8 possible but only 3 are common

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14
Q

which 3 conformational isomers are common?

A

trans-trans-trans
cis-trans-trans
cis-trans-cis
(constituents will determine cis or trans)

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15
Q

what does the delta5-steroid represent?

A

location of a double bond

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16
Q

What enzyme is necessary for biosynthesis of squalene that is often blocked with cholesterol reduction therapy?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

17
Q

An OH at carbon 17 in alpha configuration indicates what

A

that it is a glucocorticoid (cortisol)

18
Q

which is more active cortisone or cortisol?

A

cortisol (hydrocortisone)

19
Q

Aldosterone equilibrates with what form

A

hemiacetal

20
Q

Why develop synthetic corticoids?

A

not readily available naturally
susceptible to first pass metabolism
to reduce side effects

21
Q

Semi-synthetic approaches

A

long steps for total synthesis, limited functional grps for modification, available materials in nature: bile acid, plant steroids

22
Q

Other routes for administration

A

IM injection

inhalation

23
Q

metabolism of cortisol

A

oral Cortisol acetate -> fpm -> hydrocortisone (cortisol) cortisone
1. 5a/b-reductase
2. dehydrogenase
loss of 17-ketol side chain = loss of functionality

PDA 2 (3 decks)

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